Connecting the world and beyond

Connectivity for Refugees initiative

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For people forced to flee and the communities that host them, connectivity is a lifeline. Meaningful connectivity enables access to education, health services, livelihoods, protection, and participation in society, while also providing life-saving information, including early warnings in times of emergencies​. However, forcibly displaced populations face significant barriers to accessing digital infrastructure and service.

The majority of refugees reside in Least Developed Countries (LDCs), where infrastructure and service availability are often limited. This creates heightened vulnerability and ​restricts access to opportunities that are critical for safety, self-reliance, and social inclusion. Addressing connectivity gaps in these settings is therefore both urgent and strategic.​ ​

The Connectivity for Refugees (CfR) is a multi-stakeholder initiative advancing the availability and affordability of connectivity for 20 million forcibly displaced people and their host communities by 2030. The initiative is founded by ITU, UNHCR, GSMA, and the Government of Luxembourg.
The initiative is structured around five pillars and focu​ses on three intervention areas:
​​The pillars
​The intervention areas
    • ​Understand local challenges  Identify connectivity needs and barriers in refugee and host communities. 
    • Coordinate ecosystem stakeholders  Align governments, private sector, and humanitarian actor​​s. 
    • Deploy innovative solutions  Implement context-specific, equitable, and sustainable connectivity solutions. 
    • Scale what works  Apply best practices and lessons learned to expand successful interventions. 
    • Advocate for sustainable outcomes ​ Promote long-term, inclusive connectivity policies and frameworks
    • Inclusion – Advocating for legal, policy, and regulatory frameworks that guarantee refugees’ right to connect. 
    • Access – Expanding infrastructure and networks to reach both individuals and community spaces, including schools, health centers, and markets. 
    • Uptake – Supporting energy access, devices, digital skills, and affordability to ensure meaningful and sustained use of connectivity services.​






The initiative's objectives

    • ​Enable equitable and sustainable connectivity in refugee camps through investments in connectivity, infrastructure, energy, and digital access solutions.
    • Promote multi-stakeholder collaboration among governments, private sector, and humanitarian actors to strengthen inclusive connectivity policies and frameworks.
    • Ensure refugees and host communities can access life-saving services, education, livelihoods, and early warning systems during emergencies.

ITU’s tools contributing to the initiative

ITU has been supporting the implementation of the initiative by deploying innovative solutions, such as mapping connectivity and identifying connectivity gaps that can help find last mile solutions tailored to refugee camps​ and host communities.
    • Data collection and analysis  Use ITU's Connectivity Maps, both the Disaster Connectivity Map (DCM) and Early Warning Connectivity Map (EWCM), to gather and analyse connectivity data in refugee camps and host communities. The DCM helps monitor the status of communication networks, highlighting areas with network outages, degraded service, or available connectivity. The EWCM combines population data with network coverage information to identify populations in hazard-prone areas and assess whether they can receive early warning alerts and have access to communic​ations.
    • Capacity development  Supporting the implementation of policy and regulatory frameworks, digital skills, literacy and content adoption to ensure uptake of connectivity solutions, promoting a holistic approach to meaningful connectivity.
Connectivity Maps









​​ITU's Connectivity Maps provide near real-time connectivity insights into the status of telecommunications infrastructure, coverage and network pe​​rformance.

​​The Disaster Connectivity Map uses crowdsourced data to identify connectivity "cold spots" and network outages, enabling governments, telecom operators, and first responders to quickly identify where connectivity has been disrupted or needs to be improved to prioritize targeted restoration efforts during and after emergencies.

The Early Warning Connectivity Map adds population-centric lens, by combining AI and satellite imagery to map population distribution and identify how many people remain uncovered by digital networks. This platform helps anticipate connectivity gaps.


​​​Country pilots: The DCM and EWCM used to conduct pilots on refugee camp connectivity


Uganda (October 2024)  Cove​ring 30 refugee camps, generating over 48,000 crowd-sourced Speedchecker connectivity measurements nationwide. More information can be found here​.


​The image shows 3G+ cellular connectivity performance, with a total of 128 mobile datapoints received from 11 refugee camps during this period, including 113 Speedchecker datapoints in 11 camps and 15 Ookla datapoints in 5 camps. 

By comparing against 2G and 3G+ cellular coverage datasets, there was 99.6% coverage of 2G networks in refugee camps, and 98.9% coverage of 3G+ networks. Only 0.4% of the area was beyond the reach of networks.​




Rwanda (October 2025) ​ Over 43,000 Speedchecker crowd-sourced measurements nationwide, including a week-long drive test across five camps using both Ericsson field test equipment and the Speedchecker Android a​pp.​​