ITU's 160 anniversary

Committed to connecting the world

Engineering synthetic organelles and their communication networks to control cell fates

​​​​​​​​Christopher Contag Webinar

TALK

The fate and function of mammalian cells are governed by complex intracellular signaling pathways that link surface signals to genetic networks within the nucleus, ultimately regulating gene expression. Transcription factors are proteins that mediate these pathways by binding to specific DNA sequences and activating selected genes. The effects of transcription factors can be rapid and transient enabling cells to adapt to changing conditions by altering cellular functions and guiding cell fate decisions. To leverage this process for controlling cell fate, we sought to create novel intracellular control systems inspired by evolutionary principles. Mitochondria, which originated from free-living bacteria over two billion years ago, are now essential organelles in mammalian cells that are responsible for energy production. We hypothesized that by using extant bacteria as chassis organisms, we could engineer synthetic organelles that mimic mitochondria and function as intracellular “remote control modules” to direct cellular fates and functions. These synthetic organelles are designed to receive signals ​​​from outside the cell—and even from outside the body—and transduce them into transcription factors that modulate gene expression and control cell fates. To achieve this, we developed interkingdom communication pathways that bridge bacterial and mammalian biology, integrating bacterial systems into the host's intracellular signaling networks. Mitochondria, once free-living bacteria, have since undergone significant genome reduction, retaining only 37 genes, with the majority of mitochondrial proteins encoded by the host genome. In our approach, we have used various bacteria as chassis organisms, gradually removing unnecessary functions and enhancing interdependence between bacterial and mammalian systems. Additionally, we’ve designed genetic reporters—biological "indicator lights"—that can be used to visually track gene regulation, aiding the development of effective synthetic organelles. This innovative approach offers precise spatiotemporal control over cellular reprogramming and differentiation. Ultimately, this technology could enable the targeted regeneration of tissues or organs, offering a revolutionary method for disease treatment through remote manipulation of cells for tissue or organ restoration.

WISDOM CORNER: LIVE LIFE LESSONS​

Participants had the chance to hear from Dr. Contag ​about his impactful life less​ons over the years as well as his advice to young researchers in the field of health science and engineering​. 

WATCH RECORDING​​ ​​​​​

Christopher Contag


SPEAKER:
Dr Christopher Contag, Michigan State University & Stanford University School of Medicine, USA​​

Dr. Contag is the founding Director of the Institute for Health Science and Engineering and the inaugural chair of the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Michigan State University. Prior to establishing these two academic units at MSU, he was the Associate Chief of the Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, director of Stanford’s Center for Innovation in In Vivo Imaging, and co-director of both the Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) and the Child Health Research Institute (CHRI) at Stanford University. He is professor emeritus in the department of pediatrics at Stanford University. Dr. Contag joined the faculty of MSU in 2017 as the James and Kathleen Cornelius Chair in the Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Microbiology, Genetics & Immunology. Dr. Contag received his B.S. (1982) in biology and Ph.D. in microbiology (1988) from the University of Minnesota. He did his postdoctoral training at Stanford University from 1990-1994, and joined the Stanford faculty in 1995 as a professor in the Departments of Pediatrics, Radiology, Bioengineering and Microbiology & Immunology. Dr. Contag is a pioneer in the field of molecular imaging and is developing imaging approaches that reveal cellular and molecular processes in animals and humans, and guide development of novel therapies. He has held several national and global leadership roles, including a past President of both the World Molecular Imaging Society (2016) and the Society for Molecular Imaging (SMI, 2003)—he is a founding member of SMI. He has a proven record of mentoring graduate and postdoctoral scholars of diverse backgrounds in his laboratory, and is committed to helping students and young investigators launch successful academic careers in basic and translational research. He brings decades of expertise in molecular imaging, cancer biology, immunology, infectious diseases, stem cell biology, biomedical engineering, advanced microscopy and research training to the cancer imaging field. He has demonstrated leadership having served as the Principal Investigator (PI) or Co-Investigator on a number NIH, DoD, and NSF funded research projects. His research is focused on developing noninvasive imaging approaches aimed at revealing molecular processes in living subjects and advancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and has been applying these imaging tools to advancing the ability to control cellular functions. Much of his recent work has been in the area of using new tools to effect cellular changes in vivo and this includes the use of small molecules for metabolic reprogramming, extracellular vesicles as novel therapeutics and engineered endosymbionts as cellular regulators. He is a recipient of the Achievement Award from the SMI for his contributions to imaging, and the Britton Chance Award from SPIE for his fundamental contributions to optics. Dr. Contag is a Fellow of the World Molecular Imaging Society (WMIS that now includes SMI). Dr. Contag founded Xenogen Corp. (now part of PerkinElmer) established to commercialize innovative imaging tools for biomedicine, and is a founder of BioEclipse—a cancer therapy company, and EXOForce—a company developing exoskeletons for athletics, medical and military applications.​​​





MODERATOR
Ian F. AkyildizITU J-FET Editor-in-Chief and Truva Inc., USA​​
​​
​​​
​​​




MODERATOR OF WISDOM CORNER: 
Alessia Magliarditi​, ITU Journal Manager, ITU ​​




​​





Register and Join

The webinar was open to anyone interested in the topic​.
Participation was​ free of charge. ​​​​​
Register and join the webinar he​r​e​​.​​

Date and Time

​​​​​18 March 2025, from 16:00 to 17:30 CET​
This webinar ​consis​ted​ of a ​50 minute​​ talk, followed by a 20 minute Q&A session and a​ 20 m​​inute Wisdo​​​m Corner: Live Life Lessons.

Contact


ORGANIZED BY





Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this webinar series are those of the panelists and do not reflect the official policy or position of the ITU.​​​