Page 187 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies – Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

’”‡•‡–‡† ‘ –Š‡ ‡š– ’ƒ‰‡Ǥ —”‹‰ –Š‡ •ǡ –Š‡ †‘™Ǧ
–‹Ž– ƒ–‡ƒ• ƒ”‡ ‡’– ‘ˆˆ –‘ ’”‘–‡ – –Š‡ • ˆ”‘
‹–‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ȋ ‘ˆ –Š‡ „‡ƒǯ• „‘”‡•‹‰Š– ƒ† –Š‡
‹–‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ „‡ƒǯ• •‹†‡ Ž‘„‡•ȌǤ ‘–‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡
‹–‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡ –‘ ƒ •‡”˜‡† „› ƒ —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ ƒ›
„‡ ‘‹‰ ƒŽ•‘ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ Ž‘ ƒ–‡† ƒ–
‹‰Ǥ ͸ Ȃ ƒ•‹ ’”‹ ‹’Ž‡ ‘ˆ –‹‡ †‘ƒ‹ ‡ Ǥ ‘” –Š‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡† • ‡Ǧ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ Ǥ Š—•ǡ –Š‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ‘‡ –‡† –‘ –Š‡
ƒ”‹‘ǡ –Š‡ ƒ‡”‹ƒŽ —•‡”• ƒ „‡ • Š‡†—Ž‡† ‹ –Š‡ —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ •—„Ǧ —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• ‘ˆ ԙ †—”‹‰ ƒ „‡ ‡š’”‡••‡†
ˆ”ƒ‡• –Šƒ– ‘˜‡”Žƒ’ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒŽ‘•– „Žƒ •—„ˆ”ƒ‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ• ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣ
ƒ–‡ƒ•Ǥ Š‹• ™‹ŽŽ ’”‘–‡ – ƒ‡”‹ƒŽ —•‡”• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ •‹†‡Ž‘„‡ ‹–‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ԅ —
ƒ† –Š‡ ‰”‘—† ”‡ϐŽ‡ –‹‘ ‹–‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ‘‹‰ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒǦ ᅭ — օ ȋͷ͹Ȍ
–‡ƒ•ǡ ƒ• ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡† ‹ ‹‰Ǥ ʹǤ օӴ •ˆ ௴ ԅ —
ս
™Š‹ Š ”‡ˆ‡”• –‘ –Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ • –‘ –Š‡ –‘Ǧ ս୮ตӴսଈօ
–ƒŽ —„‡” ‘ˆ •—„ˆ”ƒ‡• ‹ ƒ ˆ”ƒ‡Ǥ Š‡ǡ ਷ᅬ ™‹ŽŽ
„‡ –Š‡ †—–› › Ž‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‹Ž‡– •—„ˆ”ƒ‡• ‘” •Ǥ ‡”‡ǡ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ ™‡ ƒ ϐ‹† –Š‡ ƒ’ƒ ‹–› ‘ˆ ƒ ‘‡ –‡† –‘ —’Ǧ
™‡ ƒ••—‡ ˆ—ŽŽ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† •› Š”‘‹œƒ–‹‘ ƒ‘‰ –‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• ‘ˆ ԙ †—”‹‰ • ƒ• ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣ
–Š‡ • ƒ† Š‡ ‡ǡ –Š‡ ’ƒ––‡” ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ –Š‡ †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† — —
ƒ–‡ƒ• ™‹ŽŽ „‡ –Š‡ •ƒ‡Ǥ ‡ ™‹ŽŽ •Š‘™ ‹ –Š‡ ‡š– •—„Ǧ Ӹ օӴ—•ˆ Ž‘‰ ᅭ օӴ—•ˆ ȋͷͺȌ
ϵ
•‡ –‹‘ –Šƒ– –Š‡ Š‘‹ ‡ ‘ˆ ᅬ ™‹ŽŽ ‹’ƒ – –Š‡ ƒ’ƒ ‹–›Ȁ”ƒ–‡
‘ˆ –Š‡ •Ȁ • ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡Ǧ
ƒ•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‹• ‹• ‘—– ‘ˆ –Š‡ • ‘’‡ ‘ˆ –Š‹• ’ƒ’‡” ƒ†  –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” Šƒ†ǡ ‹ˆ –Š‡ ‹• ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š †‘™Ǧ
™‹ŽŽ „‡ •—„Œ‡ – ‘ˆ ‘—” ˆ—–—”‡ ™‘”Ǥ –‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ ‘ˆ ‹–• •‡”˜‹‰ ǡ ‹– ™‹ŽŽ ‘„–ƒ‹ ‹–• †ƒ–ƒ ‹
–Š‡ †—”‹‰ –Š‡ •Ǥ ‡ ‡ǡ –Š‡ ”ƒ–‡ ƒ „‡ ‡š’”‡••‡†
ĥ
ͶǤ Ǧ Ӹ † ᅬिŽ‘‰ ᅭ † ी ȋͷͻȌ
օӴ—•ˆ ϵ օӴ—•ˆ
ͶǤͳ †‡ϐ‹‹–‹‘• ‘˜‡” †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– •—„ˆ”ƒ‡• ‘–‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ”ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ • ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡†
ƒ–‡ƒ• ™‹ŽŽ „‡ • ƒŽ‡† „› –Š‡ ’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡” ᅬǤ ‘™‡”
• ‡–‹‘‡† ‡ƒ”Ž‹‡”ǡ ™‡ ‘•‹†‡” ƒ ‹–‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡Ǧ ˜ƒŽ—‡• ‘ˆ ᅬ ™‹ŽŽ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ –Š‡ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •
Ž‹‹–‡† •—„Ǧ œ „ƒ† ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ” ‡–™‘”ǡ ™Š‡”‡ ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• ƒ• •Š‘™ ‹ ȋͷ͹ȌǤ
–Š‡ ’”‡•‡ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡”ƒŽ ‘‹•‡ ‹• ‘‹––‡†Ǥ ‡ ƒŽ•‘ ƒ•Ǧ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡ • ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡†
•—‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ • ƒ† „‘–Š —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ† †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒǦ ƒ–‡ƒ• ƒ† ‘•– ‹’‘”–ƒ–Ž›ǡ –Š‡ • ™‹ŽŽ •—ˆˆ‡”
–‡ƒ• •Šƒ”‡ ƒ ‘‘ –”ƒ•‹••‹‘ „ƒ†™‹†–Š ƒ† ˆ—ŽŽ ˆ”‘ Ž‘™ ”ƒ–‡• ˆ‘” ƒ Ž‘™ ᅬǤ Š‹• –”ƒ†‡Ǧ‘ˆˆ ™‹ŽŽ „‡
„—ˆˆ‡” –”ƒˆϐ‹ ‹• —•‡† ‹ ‡˜‡”› ȏ͸ǡ ͶͻȐǤ Š‡ǡ ™‡ ƒ ƒ††”‡••‡† ‹ ‘—” ˆ—–—”‡ ™‘”Ǥ
ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡ –Š‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ‘‡ –‡† –‘ –Š‡ —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒǦ
–‡ƒ• ‘ˆ ԙ ‘•‹†‡”‹‰ ϐŽƒ–Ǧˆƒ†‹‰ Šƒ‡Ž• ȏͳͶȐ ƒ†
ƒ–‡ƒ ’ƒ––‡” †—”‹‰ „› –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ‡š’”‡••‹‘ǣ ͶǤʹ ”‘„Ž‡ †‡ϐ‹‹–‹‘
—” ‰‘ƒŽ ‹• –‘ –—‡ –Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡Ǧ
—
ԅ օ ƒ• ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽŽ› †—”‹‰ –Š‡ • –‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡ ”‡Ž‹ƒ„Ž‡ ƒ–
—
ᅭ օӴ—•ˆ ȋͷͷȌ –Š‡ •ǯ ‡†Ǥ ‹–Š‘—– ‘’–‹‹œ‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡•ǡ –Š‡
௴ ௴ ԅ ˜ ԅ †
ս օ
ս୮ตӴսଈօӴ ˜୮\—Ӵ†^ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ™‹ŽŽ ™‘”•‡ †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ ‹–‡”ˆ‡Ǧ
”‡ ‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• ȏͳʹȐǤ ‘–‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡
‹‹Žƒ”Ž›ǡ ‘ˆ ƒ ‘‡ –‡† –‘ –Š‡ †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž– ƒ–‡Ǧ • ƒ „‡ ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š ‡‹–Š‡” —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• ‘”
ƒ•‘ˆ ԙ ‘•‹†‡”‹‰ ϐŽƒ–Ǧˆƒ†‹‰ Šƒ‡Ž• †—”‹‰ †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• †‡’‡†‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ Š‹‰Š‡•–
ƒ• ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣ ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ ƒ–‡ƒ •‡– ȏͳʹȐǤ ‡– —• ‘•‹†‡” –Š‡ ˜‡ –‘” ‘ˆ
• ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ • ™Š‡ –Š‡› ƒ”‡ ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ Š‹‰Š‡•–
† ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ ƒ–‡ƒ •‡–• ƒ•ǣ
ԅ օ
†
ᅭ օӴ—•ˆ ˜ — ȋͷ͸Ȍ
௴ ௴ ԅ ԅ መ <ᅭ ᅭ >
ս օ φӴ—•ˆ ]ด]Ӵ—•ˆ
ս୮ตӴսଈօӴ ˜୮\—Ӵ†^
™Š‡”‡ ] ੁ ] ”‡’”‡•‡–• –Š‡ ƒ”†‹ƒŽ‹–› ‘ˆ ƒ •‡–Ǥ Š‡ǡ ™‡
‘–‡ –Šƒ– ȋͼȌ ‹• —•‡† –‘ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡ –Š‡ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† ’‘™‡” ƒ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡ –Š‡ ’”‘„Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒš‹‹œ‹‰ –Š‡ ‹‹—
ˆ”‘ ƒ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” ƒ–‡ƒ •‡– ȋ—’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡†Ȁ†‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡†Ȍ ‘ˆ ƒ ƒ•ǣ
Ǥ ‡ ƒ••—‡ ϐŽƒ–Ǧˆƒ†‹‰ Šƒ‡Ž• †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ ’”‡•‡ ‡ ƒš ‹ መ
წ —
‘ˆ ƒ””‘™„ƒ† Ǧ„ƒ•‡† ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘• ‹ ‡š‹•–‹‰ •Ǥ–Ǥ ੋ ȋͷ;Ȍ
—
‡ŽŽ—Žƒ” ‡–™‘”•Ǥ ˆ–‡” ‘•‹†‡”‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ–‡ƒ ”ƒ†‹ƒǦ ମႼ ମ
–‹‘• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ „‘–Š •‡–• ‘ˆ ƒ–‡ƒ• ƒ† •‘‡ ƒŽ‰‡„”ƒ‹
ƒŽ —Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ –Š‡ Ž‘•‡†Ǧˆ‘” ‡š’”‡••‹‘• ‘ˆ ȋͷͷȌ ƒ† ȋͷ͸Ȍ ‡”‡ǡ –Š‡ ‘’–‹‹œƒ–‹‘ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ Ⴜ <ᅿ —Ӵͳ ᅿ —Ӵȁตȁ > ‹•
—
ƒ”‡ ‡š’”‡••‡† „› ȋͷͼȌ ƒ† ȋͷͽȌǡ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǡ ™Š‹ Š ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ˜‡ –‘” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• ‹

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