Page 185 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies – Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ †‹•–ƒ ‡• ԓ φ փ փ ƒ† ԓ ϵ փ փ
–ƒ ᇓ ȯ
–ƒ ᇓ ɞ
ˆ”‘ –Šƒ– ǡ ™Š‡”‡
ᅿ ᅿ ਷ ੎ᅲ Š’„™ ȋͿȌ
†
φ
ᅿ ᅿ ੎ᅲ Š’„™ ȋͷͶȌ
†
ϵ
ƒ† ᅲ Š’„™ ‹• ŠƒŽˆ ’‘™‡” „‡ƒ ™‹†–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ‹ Ž‘„‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡
†‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒǤ
‹‰Ǥ ͵ Ȃ ƒŽ›•‹• ‘ˆ †‡’‡†‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡ ᇓ † Ǥ ”‘‘ˆ ǣ ‘•‹†‡” ƒ • ‡ƒ”‹‘ ™‹–Š ƒ •‹‰Ž‡ ™‹–Š ƒ–‡ƒ
’ƒ––‡” ƒ† Š‡‹‰Š– ƒ”‡ ƒ• •’‡ ‹ϐ‹‡† ‹ ‡ –‹‘ ͵Ǥ ‹ ‡
ճ ᇕ Տ ਷ճ ᇕ Տ ‘Ž› •–‡• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ•ǡ Š‡”‡ǡ ™‡ ‘Ǧ
ƒ „‡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡† ƒ• ԇ ᆁ ϵ ȏͶͷȐǡ ™Š‹ Š
օ
ƒŽ•‘ †‡’‡†• ‘ –Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ ‰”‘—† ’‡”‹––‹˜‹–› ᅯ ֍ ஈ •‹†‡” –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‹• ‘Ž› ‡“—‹’’‡† ™‹–Š †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒǦ
ȏͳͳȐǡ ”‡ϐŽ‡ –‹‘ ‘‡ˆϐ‹ ‹‡–• ˆ‘” Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ Ž‹‡ƒ” ’‘Ǧ –‡ƒ ™‹–Š ƒ‰Ž‡ ᅿ Ǥ ‡– —• ‘•‹†‡” –Š‡ ŠƒŽˆǦ’‘™‡”
†
Žƒ”‹œƒ–‹‘ ԇ ᆁ ƒ† ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ Ž‹‡ƒ” ’‘Žƒ”‹œƒ–‹‘ ԇ ᆁ Ǥ „‡ƒ ™‹†–Š ȋ Ȍ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ‹ Ž‘„‡ ƒ• ᅲ Š’„™ Ǥ ‘–‡ –Šƒ–

օ
օ
ȋ˜Ȍ
ࣞ
‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ Ӽ ᅲ †‡’‡†• ‘ –Š‡ ‹•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—• ‡Ž‡˜ƒǦ –Š‡ ‹• ‹˜‡”•‡Ž› ’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ –‘ –Š‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ
˜
‡Ž‡‡–• ‹ –Š‡ ƒ–‡ƒ ƒ””ƒ› ȏͶ͸ȐǤ ‹˜‡ –Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡
օ
–‹‘ ƒ‰Ž‡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ƒ† –Š‡ „› ȋ͹Ȍ ƒ† ȋͻȌǡ
ȋ†Ȍ
†
ࣴ
™Š‡”‡ƒ• Ӽ ԗ ƒ „‡ ‡š’”‡••‡† ƒ•ǣ ᅿ ǡ –Š‡ –™‘ ƒ‰Ž‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ –™‘ ‡† ’‘‹–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‹ŽŽ
օ „‡ ƒ• ‡š’”‡••‡† ‹ ȋͿȌ ƒ† ȋͷͶȌǤ
Š‡ –Š‡ †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ‹ „‡ƒ ™‹ŽŽ ”‡ƒ Š –Š‡ ‰”‘—†
ȋ†Ȍ
ࣞ
৘Ӽ ᆁ ԗ ԗ ֏
օ
օ
৖ ƒ† –Š‡ ‹’ƒ – ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ †‹•–ƒ ‡•
৖ ࣞ ȋ†Ȍ փ փ
Ӽ ᆁ
৖ օ օ ԡ ƒ† ԡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ƒ• †‡’‹ –‡†
৖ ԗ ֏ ମ ԗମ ԗ ֏ –ƒ ᇓ ȯ –ƒ ᇓ ɞ
ȋ†Ȍ
ࣴ
Ӽ ԗ
օ ৗ ࣞ ȋ†Ȍ ‹ ‹‰Ǥ ͵Ǥ › ƒ••—‹‰ ”‡‰—Žƒ” ”‡ϐŽ‡ –‹‘ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‰”‘—†ǡ
օ
৖ Ӽ ᆁ ԗ ȋ†Ȍ
ࣞ
օ
৖ ਷ ԗ ੁ Ӽ ᆁ ਷ ԗ ମ ԗ ମ –Š‡ –™‘ ”ƒ›• ™‹ŽŽ ”‡ƒ Š –Š‡ Š‡‹‰Š– ƒ– ƒ †‹•–ƒ ‡ ԓ
φ
օ
օ
֏
৖ ֏Ӵվ փ փ փ փ ǡ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž› ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ǡ
৖ –ƒ ᇓ ȯ ƒ† ԓ –ƒ ᇓ ɞ
ϵ
৕ ԗ ଯ ™Š‹ Š ‘’Ž‡–‡• –Š‡ ’”‘‘ˆǤ
ȋͽȌ
ȋ†Ȍ
™Š‡”‡ ԗ ԗ ƒ† ԗ ֏Ӵվ  ƒ”‡ –Š”‡•ŠǦ Š‡‘”‡ ͳ ’”‘˜‹†‡• —• –Š‡ ”ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ †‹•–ƒ ‡• ˆ”‘ ƒ
֏
ȋ†Ȍ
ࣞ
‘Ž† Š‡‹‰Š–• ȏͳͳȐǡ ƒ† Ӽ ᆁ ‹• –Š‡ ƒ–‡ƒ ‰ƒ‹ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™Š‡”‡ ƒ ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ‹’ƒ –‡† •‹‰‹ϐ‹ ƒ–Ž› „› ˆ‘” ƒ
օ
օ
‹ ‹†‡– ’ƒ–Š ‘ –Š‡ ‰”‘—† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡Ǧ ‰‹˜‡ ƒ‰Ž‡ ᅿ Ǥ ”‘ Š‡‘”‡ ͳǡ ™‡ ƒ ‘„•‡”˜‡ –Šƒ–
†
ƒ• ™Š‹ Š †‡’‡†• ‘ ԃ Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ –Š‡ Š‡‹‰Š–Ǧ†‡’‡†‡– ˆ‘” ƒ Š‹‰Š‡” ᅿ ǡ Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘• Ž‘•‡” –‘ –Š‡ • ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ‹Ǧ
†
֏
’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ–‹‘ ‘‡ˆϐ‹ ‹‡– ƒ „‡ ‡š’”‡••‡† ƒ•ǣ ’ƒ –‡† „› ƒ† ˜‹ ‡ ˜‡”•ƒǤ
৘ ᅫ ਷ ȋ˜Ȍ ‡ƒ” ʹǣ ˆ ᅿ ᇆ Š’„™ ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ ‹’ƒ – ƒ– –Š‡
Ј
৖ᅫ ਷ԗੁভ ȋ˜Ȍ ম ԗ ੁ ԗ † ϵ
Ј
ᅫ ԗ ԗ ȋ;Ȍ ™‹ŽŽ •–ƒ”– ˆ”‘ –Š‡ †‹•–ƒ ‡ ԓ ƒ† –Š‡ ‹’ƒ – ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ‹
φ
ৗ Ž‘„‡ ™‹ŽŽ Žƒ•– –‹ŽŽ ‹ϔ‹‹–›Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ ’ƒ–ŠǦŽ‘••ǡ –Š‡
৖ ȋ˜Ȍ
৕ ԗ ଯ ੁ ԗ ‹’ƒ – ™‹ŽŽ ‰”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ› †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡ ƒ• –Š‡ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ †‹•–ƒ ‡
™Š‡”‡ ᅫ ‹• –Š‡ ƒš‹— ’‘••‹„Ž‡ ƒ––‡—ƒ–‹‘ ‘‡ˆϐ‹Ǧ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡• „‡›‘† ԓ Ǥ
φ
Ј
‹‡– ȏͳͳȐǤ ‡”‡ǡ ™‡ †‘ ‘– ‘•‹†‡” ƒ› †—‡ –‘ –Š‡

ƒ–‡ƒ •‹†‡ Ž‘„‡•Ǥ ”‘ ȋͽȌǡ ™‡ ƒ •‡‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ƒǦ ͵ǤͶ —‡”‹ ƒŽ ‡šƒ’Ž‡
–‡ƒ ‰ƒ‹ ‹• †‡’‡†‡– ‘ –Š‡ ‹ ‹†‡– ƒ‰Ž‡ ᆁ ǡ ™Š‡”‡ƒ• › ‘•‹†‡”‹‰ ᅿ ǡ ‹ ‹‰Ǥ ͶȋƒȌǡ ™‡ ‘’ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ͵
օ
ੋ
‹ ȏͳͳȐǡ –Š‡ ‰ƒ‹ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡ϐŽ‡ –‡† ’ƒ–Š ‹• ƒ••—‡† –‘ „‡ ‘Ǧ ƒǦ ‘†‡Ž ȏͶͳȐ ƒ† ‘—” ’”‘’‘•‡† Š‡‹‰Š– †‡’‡†‡–
†
•–ƒ– ™‹–Š ”‡•’‡ – –‘ ᆁ Ǥ  ‹‰Ǥʹǡ™‡’”‘˜‹†‡ ƒ•‹’Ž‡‹ŽǦ
օ
Ž—•–”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ Š‘™ ƒ ƒ •—ˆˆ‡” ˆ”‘ ‹–‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ˆ”‘ ‘†‡Ž ˆ‘” ԗ ǡ ԗ ǡ ƒ† ԅ
† ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ ‘•‹†‡”‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ–‡ƒ ”ƒ†‹ƒ–‹‘ ’ƒ––‡”
ƒ† ƒ–‡ƒ •‹†‡ Ž‘„‡•Ǥ
ƒ• †‹• —••‡† „‡ˆ‘”‡Ǥ Š‡ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† •‹‰ƒŽ ’Ž‘– ™‹–Š ”‡•’‡ –
‡ƒ” ͳǣ —‡–‘–Š‡ –Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡ ᅿ ǡ –Š‡ ƒ‹ Ž‘„‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘ ʹ Ǧ †‹•–ƒ ‡ •Š‘™• –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‹’ƒ – ‘ˆ ‘‡•
†
†‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ ™‹ŽŽ ‘– ”‡ƒ Š –Š‡ ‰”‘—† Ž‡˜‡Ž „‡ˆ‘”‡ ‹–‘ ’Žƒ› ƒˆ–‡” ƒ ‡”–ƒ‹ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ †‹•–ƒ ‡Ǥ Š‡ ”‹’’Ž‡ ‹
–Š‡ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ †‹•–ƒ ‡ ȋ‹ ‡–‡”Ȍ ‹• ƒ™ƒ› „› –ƒ ᇓ † ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† •‹‰ƒŽ ‹• ”‡ƒ–‡† †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ ’Šƒ•‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡
փ
–Š‡ Ǥ ‡ ‡ǡ • Ž‘•‡” –‘ –Š‹• †‹•–ƒ ‡ ˆ”‘ ƒ ™‹ŽŽ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ †‹”‡ – ‘ ’ƒ–Š ƒ† –Š‡ ”‡ϐŽ‡ –‡† ’ƒ–Š ƒ† –Š‡
‘– „‡ ‹’ƒ –‡† „› –Š‡ •–‡‹‰ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ ’”‘˜‹†‡ ‘”‡ –Šƒ † ‘”‡ •‹‰ƒŽ ’‘™‡” –Šƒ
ƒ‹ Ž‘„‡ ‘ˆ –Šƒ– ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” Ǥ –Š‡ ͵ ‘†‡ŽǤ ‘” ԗ ǡ ƒ• •Š‘™ ‹ ‹‰Ǥ Ͷȋ„Ȍǡ
–Š‡ •Š‘™• ƒ •‹‹Žƒ” ‹† ‘ˆ –”‡† „—– ƒˆ–‡” ‰”‡ƒ–‡” Ǧ
‡š–ǡ ˆ‘” ƒ ‰‹˜‡ Š‡‹‰Š– ƒ† ƒ‰Ž‡ǡ ™‡ †‡”‹˜‡ –Š‡ –‘Ǧ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ †‹•–ƒ ‡ ƒ• †‹• —••‡† ‹ Š‡‘”‡ ͳǤ
†‹•–ƒ ‡• ˆ”‘ ƒ ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ ‹’ƒ – ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹• –Š‡

‘•– ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ ™‡ •’Ž‹– –Š‡ ”‡ϐŽ‡ –‡† •‹‰ƒŽ ˆ”‘ –Š‡
†‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• ‹–‘ ‹–• –™‘ ‹‰”‡†‹‡–•ǣ –Š‡ •‹‰ƒŽ

Š‡‘”‡ ͳǣ ‘” ƒ ‰‹˜‡ ԗ ǡ ԗ ǡƒ† ƒ‰Ž‡ ᅿ ǡ–Š‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ƒ–‡ƒ •‹†‡ Ž‘„‡• ƒ† –Š‡ ”‡ϐŽ‡ –‡† •‹‰ƒŽ
†
‹’ƒ – ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ”‘ ƒ ™‹ŽŽ ‘•–Ž› „‡ •‡‡ „‡–™‡‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ƒ‹ „‡ƒ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ–‡ƒ•Ǥ

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