Page 189 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies – Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

Ž‰‘”‹–Š ͳ ’Ǧ–‹Ž– ‰Ž‡ ’–‹‹œƒ–‹‘ —•‹‰ ™Š‹ Š ™‹ŽŽ Šƒ˜‡ „‡––‡” ϐ‹–‡•• ˜ƒŽ—‡ ȋŠ‹‰Š‡” ‹‹—
ͳǣ ’—–ǣ ‹ ‘—” ƒ•‡Ȍ ‘ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡Ǥ
ʹǣ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ǣ ‡– ‘ˆ ƒ‰Ž‡• ˆ‘” ƒŽŽ •
͵ǣ ‹–‡•• ˆ— –‹‘ ȋ Ȍǣ ‹‹— ‘ˆ –Š‡ ͷǤͷ —–ƒ–‹‘
Ͷǣ ‡–™‘” ’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”•ǡ ƒ† Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘•
ͷǣ ‡–Š‘†ǣ Š‡ Žƒ•– ‘’‡”ƒ–‘” ‹• –Š‡ —–ƒ–‹‘ǡ ™Š‹ Š ‹–”‘†— ‡• †‹Ǧ
͸ǣ ‡™ ‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‡’–› •‡– ˜‡”•‹–› ‹ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ • ƒ† ’”‡˜‡–• ’”‡Ǧ
͹ǣ –‘’ ‘†‹–‹‘ǣ —„‡” ‘ˆ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘• ƒ–—”‡ ‘˜‡”‰‡ ‡Ǥ  –Š‹• •–‡’ǡ ‡”–ƒ‹ ’ƒ”–• ‘ˆ –Š‡
ͺǣ ǣ ‘—Ž‡––‡ ™Š‡‡Ž •‡Ž‡ –‹‘ ‡–Š‘† ‡™Ž› ˆ‘”‡† Š‹Ž†”‡ ȋ‡™ •‡–• ‘ˆ ƒ‰Ž‡• ™‹–Š „‡–Ǧ
ͻǣ ”‡ƒ–‡ ”ƒ†‘ ‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ –‡” ϐ‹–‡••Ȍ ƒ”‡ •—„Œ‡ –‡† –‘ ƒ —–ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š ƒ Ž‘™ ”ƒǦ
ͳͲǣ ȋ ‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ Ȍ †‘ ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ  ‘—” ’”‘’‘•‡† Ǧ„ƒ•‡† ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”ǡ
ͳͳǣ ™Š‹Ž‡ ȋ –‘’ ‘†‹–‹‘ ‹• ‘– ‡–Ȍ –Š‡ —–ƒ–‹‘ –ƒ‡• ’Žƒ ‡ ™‹–Š ƒ Ž‘™ —–ƒ–‹‘ ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ
ͳʹǣ ˆ‘” Ԙ –‘ ‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ •‹œ‡ †‘ ‡ ϐ‹”•– ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡ ”ƒ†‘ —„‡”• „‡–™‡‡ ਷ ƒ† ˆ‘”
ͳ͵ǣ ƒ”‡–ͳ α ȋ ‡™ ‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ Ȍ ‡ƒ Š ‡„‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„•‘Ž—–‡
ͳͶǣ ƒ”‡–ʹ α ȋ ‡™ ‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ Ȍ
ͳͷǣ Š‹Ž† α ‡’”‘†— ‡ȋ ƒ”‡–ͳǡ ƒ”‡–ʹȌ ˜ƒŽ—‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ”ƒ†‘ —„‡” ‹• Ž‡•• –Šƒ –Š‡ —–ƒ–‹‘ ’”‘Ǧ
ͳ͸ǣ ‹ˆ ȋ•ƒŽŽ ”ƒ†‘ ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–›Ȍ „ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ǡ –Šƒ– ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” ”ƒ†‘ —„‡” ‹• ƒ††‡† –‘
ͳ͹ǣ Š‹Ž† α ȋ Š‹Ž†Ȍ –Šƒ– ‡„‡” ȋ ƒ‰Ž‡Ȍ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ
ͳͺǣ ƒ†† Š‹Ž† –‘ ‡™ ‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ •‡–
ͳͻǣ ‡† ‹ˆ ˆ–‡” ƒŽŽ ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ‰‡‡–‹ ’”‘ ‡••‡•ǡ –Š‡ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡
ʹͲǣ ‡† ˆ‘” ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ™‹–Š –Š‡ ™‘”•– ϐ‹–‡•• ˜ƒŽ—‡• ƒ”‡ ”‡’Žƒ ‡† „›
ʹͳǣ ‡† ™Š‹Ž‡ –Š‡ ‡™ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ™‹–Š „‡––‡” ϐ‹–‡•• ˜ƒŽ—‡• ‘” Š‹‰Š‡”
ʹʹǣ ȋ ‡™ ‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ Ȍ ‹‹— •Ǥ Š‡ ƒŽ‰‘”‹–Š ‘–‹—‡• —–‹Ž ‰‘‘† ”‡Ǧ
ʹ͵ǣ ”‰• α ‡– ‡•– ‘Ž—–‹‘ ȋ ‡™ ‘’—Žƒ–‹‘Ȍ •—Ž–• ƒ”‡ ‘„–ƒ‹‡† –Š”‘—‰Š ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘• ‹ –‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘„Ǧ
ʹͶǣ ‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ α ‡’Žƒ ‡ ȋ ‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ ‡™ ‘’—Žƒ–‹‘Ȍ Œ‡ –‹˜‡ ˆ— –‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ ƒŽ‰‘”‹–Š ‹• ƒŽ•‘ •—ƒǦ
ʹͷǣ —–’—–ǣ ”‰•ǣ ‡•– ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡• ƒ† –Š‡ ”‹œ‡† ‹ Ž‰‘”‹–Š ͳǤ  ‡••‡ ‡ǡ ‘„–ƒ‹‹‰ Š‹‰ŠǦ“—ƒŽ‹–›
Š‹‰Š‡•– ‹‹— •—„‘’–‹ƒŽ •‘Ž—–‹‘• ˆ”‘ ‘—” ’”‘’‘•‡† ‡–Š‘† †‡’‡†•
‘ ƒ”‡ˆ—ŽŽ› ƒ††”‡••‹‰ –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ‹••—‡•Ǥ
ͷǤ͵ ‡Ž‡ –‹‘
Š‡ •‡Ž‡ –‹‘ ’”‘ ‡•• †‡–‡”‹‡• –Š‡ ’ƒ‹” ‘ˆ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ Ȉ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ •‘Ž—–‹‘• ȋ ƒ‰Ž‡•Ȍ ƒ•
•‘Ž—–‹‘•Ȁ ƒ‰Ž‡• ™Š‹ Š ™‹ŽŽ ƒ – ƒ• ’ƒ”‡–• ˆ‘” ƒǦ Š”‘‘•‘‡•Ǣ
–‹‰Ǥ ˆ–‡” „‡‹‰ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡† „› ƒ ϔ‹–‡•• ˆ— –‹‘ǡ ‡ƒ Š Ȉ ‹‹–‹ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”ƒ†‘Ž› ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡† ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘Ǣ
‡„‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‹• ƒ••‹‰‡† ƒ ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–› –‘
„‡ •‡Ž‡ –‡† ˆ‘” ”‡’”‘†— –‹‘Ǥ ‘–‡ –Šƒ–ǡ –Š‡ ™‘”•‡ Ȉ †‡–‡”‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ϐ‹–‡•• ˆ— –‹‘ ȋ‹ ȌǢ
’‡”ˆ‘”‹‰ ‡„‡”• •Š‘—Ž† ƒŽ•‘ „‡ ‰‹˜‡ ƒ Šƒ ‡ ‹
–Š‡ ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ ’”‘ ‡•• •‘ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ ƒŽ‰‘”‹–Š ƒ Ȉ •‡Ž‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ ‰‡‡–‹ ‘’‡”ƒ–‘”•Ǣ
ƒ‹–ƒ‹ ƒ ‰‘‘† ‡š’Ž‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‹ –Š‡ •‡ƒ” Š •’ƒ ‡Ǥ ‡”‡ǡ Ȉ ƒ†Œ—•–‡– ‘ˆ ’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”• ȋ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ •‹œ‡ǡ
™‡ ‘•‹†‡” ƒ •‹’Ž‡ „‹ƒ•‡† ”‘—Ž‡––‡ ™Š‡‡Ž –‘ •‡Ž‡ – ”‘••‘˜‡” ƒ† —–ƒ–‹‘ ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•ȌǤ
‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ƒ• ’ƒ”‡–• ȏͷͲȐǤ ‘”‡ ‡š’Ž‹ ‹–Ž›ǡ ‡ƒ Š
Š”‘‘•‘‡ ‹ –Š‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‹• ƒ••‹‰‡† ƒ •Ž‘– ‹ ƒ
”‘—Ž‡––‡ ™Š‡‡Žǡ ™Š‘•‡ •‹œ‡ ‹• ’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ –‘ ‹–• ϐ‹–‡•• ‘•‹†‡”‹‰ –Š‡ ‹’ƒ – ‘ˆ —–ƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ ™‘” ‹ ȏͷͳȐ ’”‘Ǧ
‘˜‡” –Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ •— ‘ˆ ϐ‹–‡•• ‹ –Š‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ǡ ƒ ˜‹†‡† –Š‡ Ž‘™‡” „‘—† ‘ˆ –Š‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘• ”‡Ǧ
”ƒ†‘ —„‡” „‡–™‡‡ ƒ† ‹• ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡† ˆ‘” ‡ƒ Š “—‹”‡† ˆ‘” ‘„–ƒ‹‹‰ –Š‡ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ ‘’–‹— ˆ‘” ƒ ‰‹˜‡ ’‘Ǧ
‡„‡”Ȁ ƒ‰Ž‡ •‡–Ǥ Š”‘‘•‘‡Ȁ‡„‡” ‹• ’—Žƒ–‹‘ •‹œ‡Ǥ  ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”ǡ –Š‡› •Š‘™‡† –Šƒ– –‘
‘„–ƒ‹ –Š‡ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ ‘’–‹— ™‹–Š ƒ› •’‡ ‹ϐ‹‡† Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ
•‡Ž‡ –‡† ƒ• ƒ ’ƒ”‡– ˆ‘” ˆ—”–Š‡” ‰‡‡–‹ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘• ‹ˆ –Š‡ ‘ϐ‹†‡ ‡ǡ • •Š‘—Ž† ”— ˆ‘” Ž‘‰ ‡‘—‰ŠǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ
”ƒ†‘ —„‡” ‹• ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ”ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ‹–• ”‘—Ž‡––‡ ™Š‡‡Ž Žƒ–‡” ™‡ •Š‘™ –Šƒ– ‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰ –Š‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘•
•Ž‘–Ǥ ‘” ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ •‹œ‡ ™‹ŽŽ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ –Š‡ ‘’Ž‡š‹–› ƒ†
”—Ǧ–‹‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‘’‘•‡† ƒŽ‰‘”‹–ŠǤ ‡ ‡ǡ ™‡ ”—
‡š–‡•‹˜‡ •‹—Žƒ–‹‘• ˆ‘” †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– —„‡”• ‘ˆ
ͷǤͶ ”‘••‘˜‡” ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ •‹œ‡ ƒ† ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ƒ† Š‡  –Š‡ ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡†
‹‹— •Ǥ ‡ ˆ‘—† –Šƒ– ™‹–Š ƒ –Š‡
Š‡ •‡Ž‡ –‡† ’ƒ”‡–• ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ’”‘ ‡••‡† „› –Š‡ ”‘••‘˜‡”
‘’‡”ƒ–‘”ǡ ™Š‹ Š ‹‹ • ƒ–‹‰ ‹ „‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ •‹œ‡ ‘ˆ ǡ —–ƒ–‹‘ ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ ǡ ƒ†
‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ‘—” ƒŽ‰‘”‹–Š ’”‘˜‹†‡• Š‹‰ŠǦ“—ƒŽ‹–›
– ‹• ‘•‹†‡”‡† –‘ „‡ –Š‡ ‘•– •‹‰‹ϐ‹ ƒ– ’Šƒ•‡ ‹ ƒ Ǥ •—„‘’–‹ƒŽ •‘Ž—–‹‘•Ǥ
‡”‡ǡ ˆ‘” ‡ƒ Š ’ƒ‹” ‘ˆ ’ƒ”‡–• –‘ „‡ ƒ–‡†ǡ ƒ ”‘••‘˜‡”
’‘‹– ‹• Š‘•‡ ƒ– ”ƒ†‘ ˆ”‘ ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ Š”‘‘•‘‡•Ǥ
Š‡ ‘ˆˆ•’”‹‰Ȁ Š‹Ž†”‡ ƒ”‡ ”‡ƒ–‡† „› ‡š Šƒ‰‹‰ –Š‡ ͷǤ͸ ‘’Ž‡š‹–› ƒƒŽ›•‹•
Š”‘‘•‘‡• ȋ ƒ‰Ž‡•Ȍ ‘ˆ ’ƒ”‡–• ƒ‘‰ –Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•
—–‹Ž –Š‡ ”‘••‘˜‡” ’‘‹– ‹• ”‡ƒ Š‡†Ǥ Š‡ ”‘••‘˜‡” ‘’‡Ǧ • †‡• ”‹„‡† ‹ –Š‡ ’”‡˜‹‘—• •—„•‡ –‹‘•ǡ ‘—” ’”‘’‘•‡†
”ƒ–‘” ’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ–‡• ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡• ‘ˆ ‰‘‘† •—”˜‹˜‹‰ †‡•‹‰• Ǧ„ƒ•‡† ƒ‰Ž‡ ‘’–‹‹œƒ–‹‘ –‡ Š‹“—‡ ”ƒ†‘Ž› ‰‡Ǧ
ˆ”‘ –Š‡ —””‡– ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‹–‘ –Š‡ ˆ—–—”‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ ‡”ƒ–‡• –‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ •‘Ž—–‹‘• ƒ† –Š‡ ’”‘†— ‡• ‡™ „‡––‡”

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