Page 191 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies – Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡ –Š‡ • ‹ • ˆ‘” –Š‡ –™‘ • ƒ†
Š‡‹‰Š–•Ǥ Š‡ ‡ ‹• —•‡† –‘ ‰‡– –Š‡ ’‡”–‹‡– •
‹ •Ǥ ‘” ƒ† ԗ ƒ† ǡ
–Š‡ „‡•– •‘Ž—–‹‘• ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ’”‘’‘•‡† Ǧ„ƒ•‡†
ƒŽ‰‘”‹–Š ƒ”‡ ’”‡•‡–‡† ‹ ‹‰Ǥ ͹ȋƒȌ ƒ† ‹‰Ǥ ͹ȋ„Ȍǡ ”‡•’‡ Ǧ
–‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ —” ”‡•—Ž–• •Š‘™ –Šƒ– ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‹š ‡‹‰Š„‘”‹‰
Š‘‘•‡• ƒ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž› •ƒŽŽ‡” ƒ‰Ž‡ ƒ† ’”‘˜‹†‡•
Š‹‰Š ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† ’‘™‡” –‘ –Š‡ • ˆ‘” ԗ Ǥ Š‡
‘–Š‡” • ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ ƒ‹–ƒ‹ Š‹‰Š‡” ƒ‰Ž‡• –‘ ”‡†— ‡
–Š‡ ‹–‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ •‹†‡ Ž‘„‡•Ǥ

•‹‹Žƒ” ‘ Ž—•‹‘ ƒ ƒŽ•‘ „‡ †”ƒ™ ˆ‘” ԗ ǡ
™Š‹Ž‡ ‘‡ „‹‰ ‡š ‡’–‹‘ ‹• –Šƒ– –Š‡ • ƒ”‡ •—’’‘”–‡† „›
• –‹‡”Ǧʹ ƒ• •Š‘™ ‹ ‹‰Ǥ ͹ȋ„ȌǤ —‡ –‘ –Š‡ ‘’ƒ –
Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘• ƒ† Š‹‰Š‡” Š‡‹‰Š–ǡ –Š‡ –‹‡”Ǧʹ • ƒ
’”‘˜‹†‡ „‡––‡” „› Š‘‘•‹‰ ƒ ƒ‰Ž‡ –Šƒ– ‘˜‡”• ‘•–
‘ˆ –Š‡ †‹• ”‡–‡ Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘• ˆ‘” ԗ Ǥ ‘” ȋƒȌ փ φЈЈ Ǥ
ǡ „‘–Š Š‡‹‰Š–• •Š‘™ –Š‡ •‹‹Žƒ” –”‡† ƒ•
‹‰Ǥ ͹ȋƒȌ ƒ† ‹ ‹‰Ǥ ͹ȋ Ȍǡ ™‡ ”‡’‘”– –Š‡ „‡•– •‘Ž—–‹‘• ‘ˆ
ƒ‰Ž‡• ˆ‘” ԗ Ǥ ˜‡”ƒŽŽǡ –Š‡ • –‡† –‘
Š‘‘•‡ Ž‘™‡” ƒ‰Ž‡• ˆ‘” Žƒ”‰‡” –‘ ”‡†— ‡ ‹–‡”Ǧ ‡ŽŽ
‹–‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡Ǥ •‹‹Žƒ” ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ ‘„–ƒ‹‹‰ Ž‘™‡” ƒ‰Ž‡•
ˆ‘” Š‹‰Š‡” ™ƒ• ƒŽ•‘ ”‡’‘”–‡† ‹ ȏʹ͵ȐǤ

‘” ƒ† ԗ ƒ† ǡ –Š‡ ”‡Ǧ
•’‡ –‹˜‡ ——Žƒ–‹˜‡ †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ˆ— –‹‘ ȋ Ȍ
’Ž‘–• ƒ”‡ ’”‡•‡–‡† ‹ ‹‰Ǥ ͺȋƒȌ ƒ† ‹‰Ǥ ͺȋ„Ȍǡ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ
”‘ „‘–Š ϐ‹‰—”‡•ǡ ™‡ ƒ ‘ Ž—†‡ –Šƒ– ‘—” ’”‘’‘•‡† ‘’Ǧ
–‹ƒŽ • Š‡‡ ’”‘˜‹†‡• Š‹‰Š‡” ‹‹— ȋƒ„‘—–
਷ † ˆ‘” ԗ ƒ†ƒ„‘—– † ˆ‘” ԗ
Ȍ –Šƒ –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” „ƒ•‡Ž‹‡ ‡–Š‘†•Ǥ Š‡ ‘’–‹‹œƒǦ
–‹‘ ˆ”ƒ‡™‘” ‘•‹†‡”• –Š‡ ‹‹— ‹•‹†‡
–Š‡ ‡–‡” ‡ŽŽ ƒ† –Š—• –Š‡ ‹–‡”ˆ‡”‹‰ • Š‘‘•‡
ƒ‰Ž‡• ™Š‹ Š ”‡ƒ–‡ Ž‡•• ‹–‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡ –‘™ƒ”†• –Š‡ •Ǥ ȋ„Ȍ փ ϵЈЈ Ǥ
—”‹‰ –Š‡ •ǡ –—”‹‰ –Š‡ †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• ‘ˆˆ ‹Ǧ
”‡ƒ•‡• –Š‡ ‹‹— –‘ ƒ„‘—– † ˆ‘” ԗ  ‹‰Ǥ ͺ Ȃ • ˆ‘” ΘЈЈ  ˆ‘” ȋƒȌ փ φЈЈ  ƒ† ȋ„Ȍ
փ ϵЈЈ Ǥ
ƒ† ƒ„‘—– † ˆ‘” ԗ Ǥ ‡ ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ ‘„Ǧ
•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ‹• –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ ™‹–Š ‡ ‹• Š‹‰Š‡” ˆ‘” ƒ† ™‹–Š‘—– –Š‡ • Š‡‡ǡ –Š‡ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ ‹• ˜‡”› Ž‘™
ԗ Ǥ Š‹• ‹• „‡ ƒ—•‡ –Š‡ • •—ˆˆ‡” ‘”‡ ‹Ǧ ȋŽ‡•• –Šƒ ਷ † Ȍ ˆ‘” „‘–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š‡‹‰Š–•Ǥ ‘” Žƒ”‰‡”
–‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• ˆ‘” Ž‘™‡”
Š‡‹‰Š–• ˜‹ƒ ƒ† ƒ–‡ƒ •‹†‡ Ž‘„‡•Ǥ ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ –Š‡ ‡ŽŽ •‹œ‡• ‘”  ƒ† –Š‡ –™‘ Š‡‹‰Š–•ǡ ™‡
ƒ ‘ Ž—†‡ ˆ”‘ ‹‰Ǥ ͻȋƒȌ ƒ† ‹‰Ǥ ͻȋ„Ȍ –Šƒ– ‘—” ‡–Š‘†
’ƒ–ŠǦŽ‘•• ‹• ƒŽ•‘ Ž‘™‡” ˆ‘” ԗ –Šƒ ԗ ‘—–’‡”ˆ‘”• –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” „ƒ•‡Ž‹‡ • Š‡‡• •‹‰‹ϐ‹ ƒ–Ž› ‹
Ǥ ‡ ‡ǡ —–‹‰ –Š‡ †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• ’”‘˜‹†‡ –‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹‹— †—”‹‰ –Š‡ • ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ ™‹–ŠǦ
Š‹‰Š‡” ‰ƒ‹ ‹ –Š‡ • ˆ‘” ԗ Ǥ ‘—– Ǥ
 –Š‡ •‹‰Ž‡ • Š‡‡ǡ –Š‡ • Š‘‘•‡ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ‘’Ǧ
–‹ƒŽ ƒ‰Ž‡ǡ ™Š‹ Š ”‡•—Ž– ‹ Ž‡•• †‡‰”‡‡ ‘ˆ ˆ”‡‡†‘ –‘
‹’”‘˜‡ –Š‡ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡Ǥ ‡ ‡ǡ ‹– ’”‘˜‹†‡• ‘Ǧ ‹‰Ǥ ͳͲ •Š‘™• –Š‡ ”ƒ–‡• ȋ„’•Ȁ œȌ ˆ‘” –Š‡ „ƒ•‡Ž‹‡ • Š‡‡•
’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡Ž› Ž‘™‡” ȋƒ„‘—– ਷ † ˆ‘” ԗ  —•‹‰ ȋͷͺȌ ƒ† ȋͷͻȌǤ ”‘ ‹‰Ǥ ͳͲǡ ™‡ ƒ ‘„•‡”˜‡ –Šƒ– ‘—”
ƒ† ƒ„‘—– ਷ † ˆ‘” ԗ Ȍ –Šƒ ‘—” ’”‘’‘•‡† ’”‘’‘•‡† ‘’–‹ƒŽ • Š‡‡ ’”‘˜‹†‡• ƒ Š‹‰Š‡” ‹‹Ǧ
‡–Š‘†Ǥ ˜‡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ǡ –Š‡ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ ‰ƒ‹ ‹ –Š‡ — ”ƒ–‡ǡ –ŠǦ’‡” ‡–‹Ž‡ ”ƒ–‡ǡ ƒ† •— ”ƒ–‡ –Šƒ ‘–Š‡”
‹‹— ‹• •–‹ŽŽ •‹‰‹ϐ‹ ƒ–Ž› Ž‘™‡” –Šƒ ™‹–Š‘—– „ƒ•‡Ž‹‡ • Š‡‡•Ǥ Š‡ ȋ‘ ‘” ƒ–‡ƒ•Ȍ
–Š‡ ‹‹— ‘ˆ ‘—” ’”‘’‘•‡† • Š‡‡Ǥ Š‡ • Š‡‡ ‹• ‡š Ž—†‡† ‹ –Š‡ ”ƒ–‡ ‘’ƒ”‹•‘ †—‡ –‘ ‹–• ˜‡”›
”ƒ†‘ • Š‡‡ Š‘‘•‡• –Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡• ˆ‘” ‡ƒ Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‘™ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ȋŽ‡•• –Šƒ ਷ † ȌǤ —‡ –‘ –Š‡ Š‹‰Š‡”
• ƒ† –Š—• ’”‘˜‹†‡• „‡––‡” ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ –Šƒ ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ™‹–Š ‡ ǡ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ”ƒ–‡• ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ •‹‰‹ˆǦ
•‹‰Ž‡Ǥ Š—•ǡ ‹– ‹• ‡˜‹†‡– ˆ”‘ –Š‡ †‹• —••‹‘ –Šƒ– ‹– ‹• ‹ ƒ–Ž› ‹ –Š‡ •Ǥ Š‡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‹‹— ‹ –Š‡
”‹–‹ ƒŽ –‘ –—‡ –Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ • ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽŽ› ˆ‘” •‹‰Ž‡ • Š‡‡ ‹• ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒǦ
–Š‡ •— ‡••ˆ—Ž ‹–‡Ǧ ‰”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ •‡–•Ǥ –‡ƒ• ƒ† –Š—•ǡ •‹‰Ž‡ ’”‘˜‹†‡• –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ”ƒ–‡ ‹
‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒ•‡ ‹ ™Š‹ Š –Š‡ • ƒ”‡ •‡”˜‡† „› ‘Ž› ƒ† Ǥ ‹‹Žƒ” ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘• ƒ”‡ ƒŽ•‘ ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ˆ‘” ‘–Š‡”
†‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• Š‡‹‰Š– ƒ† Ǥ

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