Page 184 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies – Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

‹‰Ǥ ʹ Ȃ ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹–‡”Ǧ ‡ŽŽ ‹–‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ƒ– ƒ ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ”Ǧ ‘‡ –‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ •‹‰ƒŽ ‘ˆ ƒ †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ ƒ† –Š‡ •‹‰ƒŽ ˆ”‘ –Š‡
—’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ ‘ˆ ƒ ‡ƒ”„› „ƒ•‡ •–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‘—‰Š ‘– •Š‘™ ‹ –Š‡ ϐ‹‰—”‡ǡ –Š‡ ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ‹ –Š‡ ”‹‰Š– ƒ ƒŽ•‘ ”‡ƒ–‡ ‹–‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡ „› –Š‡ †‘™Ǧ
–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ•Ǥ Š‡ •‹‰ƒŽ “—ƒŽ‹–› ƒ– –Š‡ ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ƒˆˆ‡ –‡† „› –Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• •‹ ‡ –Š‡› ™‹ŽŽ ‹’ƒ – „‘–Š –Š‡ †‡•‹”‡† ƒ† –Š‡
‹–‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡ •‹‰ƒŽ•Ǥ

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’”‘˜‹†‹‰ –Š‡ Š‹‰Š‡•– ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡ •‹‰ƒŽ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† ’‘™‡” Š‡ ƒ””ƒ› ‰ƒ‹ Ӽ ᅲ ଦ Ž‘‰ Ӷ ᅲ ƒ –Š‡ „‡
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ȋ Ȍ ȏͷǡ ͶʹȐǤ †‡”‹˜‡† ƒ†ǡ ϐ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ –Š‡ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ ƒ–‡ƒ ‰ƒ‹ †—‡ –‘ –Š‡
ƒ‰Ž‡ ᅿ ƒ „‡ ‡š’”‡••‡† ƒ•ǣ
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͵Ǥʹ –‡ƒ ”ƒ†‹ƒ–‹‘ ’ƒ––‡”
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Ӽ ᅲ Ӽ ᅲ Ӽ ᅲ ȋͻȌ
Š‡ ԃ ƒ–‡ƒ• ƒ”‡ ‡“—ƒŽŽ› •’ƒ ‡† ™Š‡”‡ ƒ†Œƒ ‡– ‡Ž‡Ǧ — ր — ց —
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‡–• ƒ”‡ •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡† „› ŠƒŽˆǦ™ƒ˜‡Ž‡‰–Š †‹•–ƒ ‡Ǥ Š‡
‡Ž‡‡– ’‘™‡” ‰ƒ‹ ȋ‹ † Ȍ ‹ –Š‡ ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ’Žƒ‡ ƒ– ͵Ǥ͵ ”‘—† ”‡ϐŽ‡ –‹‘ Šƒ‡Ž ‘†‡Ž
‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒ‰Ž‡ ᅲ † ™‹–Š ”‡•’‡ – –‘ –Š‡ †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† Š‡ Šƒ‡Ž „‡–™‡‡ ƒ ƒ† ƒ ’Žƒ›• ƒ ”‹–‹ ƒŽ
ƒ–‡ƒ• ƒ „‡ •’‡ ‹ϐ‹‡† „› ȏͶͲȐ ”‘Ž‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‘˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ƒ– –Š‡ ǯ• ‡† ƒ†
™‡ ‘•‹†‡” ƒ Šƒ‡Ž ‘†‡Ž –Šƒ– ‹• Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹œ‡† „› „‘–Š
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Ӽ ᅲ Ӽ ƒš ਷ ‹ ৓ ভ † ম ৔ ȋͷȌ †‹•–ƒ ‡Ǧ„ƒ•‡† ’ƒ–ŠǦŽ‘•• ƒ† Ǥ ‘ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹œ‡ –Š‡ ǡ
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ᅲ ϯ† ™‡ ‘†‹ˆ› –Š‡ Š‡‹‰Š–Ǧ†‡’‡†‡– ’ƒ–ŠǦŽ‘•• ‘†‡Ž ‹–”‘Ǧ
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™Š‡”‡ ᅲ ୮ <਷ >ǡ ᅲ ϯ† ”‡ˆ‡”• –‘ –Š‡ † „‡ƒ ™‹†–Š ‘†‡Ž ȏͶͶȐǤ ‡– –Š‡ Ž‡‰–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ”–‡•‹ƒ †‹•–ƒ ‡
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™‹–Š ƒ ˜ƒŽ—‡ ‘ˆ ǡ Ӽ ƒš † ‹ ‹• –Š‡ ƒš‹— ‰ƒ‹ ‘ˆ ˆ”‘ ƒ –‘ ƒ ԙ „‡ ԛ ƒ† –Š‡ Ž‡‰–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹ ‹†‡–
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‡ƒ Š ƒ–‡ƒ ‡Ž‡‡–ǡ ƒ† ‹• –Š‡ •‹†‡ǦŽ‘„‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž Ž‹‹–ǡ ƒ† ”‡ϐŽ‡ –‡† ’ƒ–Š• ƒ”‡ ԡ φӴօ ƒ† ԡ ϵӴօ ǡ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ‘” ‘Ǧ
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”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǡ ™‹–Š ƒ ˜ƒŽ—‡ † ȏͶ͵ȐǤ ‘–‡ –Šƒ– ᅲ ੋ ˜‡‹‡ ‡ǡ ™‡ †‹• ƒ”† –Š‡ •—„• ”‹’– ˆ”‘ ԗ ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽǦ
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”‡ˆ‡”• –‘ –Š‡ Š‘”‹œ‘ ƒ† –Š‡ ᅲ ”‡’”‡•‡–• –Š‡ ƒ•‡ Ž‘™‹‰ ƒƒŽ›•‹•Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ –Š‡ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† ’‘™‡” ˆ”‘ ԙ ƒ–
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™Š‡ –Š‡ ƒ‹ „‡ƒ ‹• ˆƒ ‹‰ —’™ƒ”† ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” –‘ ƒ ƒ– Š‡‹‰Š– ԗ ƒ „‡ •’‡ ‹ϐ‹‡† ƒ•ǣ
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–Š‡ ԧԨǦ’Žƒ‡ ȏͶͲȐǤ Š‡ ƒ””ƒ› ˆƒ –‘” Ӷ ᅲ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‹–Š
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ԃ ‡Ž‡‡–• ™Š‹Ž‡ ‘•‹†‡”‹‰ ƒ ƒ‰Ž‡ ᅿ ‹• ‰‹˜‡ „› ϵ Ӽ ᅲ ԇ ᆁ Ӽ ԗ Ԕ քးᇓ Տ ᆿ փ
֏ † ȋ˜Ȍ ᅶ օ ˜Ӵօ օ օ
ԅ ԅ ঳ ঴ ઑ ઑ
օ ᅺ ԛ օ ԡ φӴօ ԡ ϵӴօ
կ ՙ ᇎ
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Ӷ ᅲ •‹ ि ϵ •‹ ᅲ ਷ •‹ ᅿ ी ȋ͸Ȍ ȋͼȌ
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ఉԃ ֏ •‹ ि •‹ ᅲ ਷ •‹ ᅿ ी ™Š‡”‡ ˜ ୮\— †^ǡ ᅲ ˜Ӵօ ‹• –Š‡ ‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒ‰Ž‡ ™‹–Š ”‡•’‡ –
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–‘ –Š‡ —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ‘” †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ ‘ˆ ԙǡ Ԙ ਷
‹• –Š‡ ‹ƒ‰‹ƒ”› —‹– ‘ˆ ƒ ‘’Ž‡š —„‡”ǡ ᅶ ‹• –Š‡
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‡– —• †‡‘–‡ Ӽ ᅲ ଦ Ž‘‰ Ӷ ᅲ ƒ• –Š‡ ƒ””ƒ› ȋ˜Ȍ ࣴ ȋ†Ȍ
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’‘™‡” ‰ƒ‹ ‹ † • ƒŽ‡Ǥ Š‡ –Š‡ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ ƒ–‡ƒ ‰ƒ‹ ƒ– ™ƒ˜‡Ž‡‰–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ””‹‡” ˆ”‡“—‡ ›ǡ Ӽ ᅲ ƒ† Ӽ ԗ
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”‡’”‡•‡– –Š‡ Š‡‹‰Š–Ǧ†‡’‡†‡– ƒ–‡ƒ ‰ƒ‹ ‘ˆ –Š‡
‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒ‰Ž‡ ᅲ ‹• ‰‹˜‡ „› †‹”‡ – ƒ† ”‡ϐŽ‡ –‡† ’ƒ–Šǡ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǡ ԇ ᆁ ‹• –Š‡
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‘‡ˆϐ‹ ‹‡– ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡ ‘ˆ ”‡ϐŽ‡ –‹‘ ᆁ ™‹–Š ”‡•’‡ – –‘
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Ӽ ᅲ Ӽ ᅲ Ӽ ᅲ ȋ͹Ȍ –Š‡ ‰”‘—† ’Žƒ‡ǡ ငᅿ ԡ φӴօ ԡ ϵӴօ ਷ԛ ‹• –Š‡ ’Šƒ•‡
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†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ”‡ϐŽ‡ –‡† ƒ† –Š‡ †‹”‡ – •‹‰ƒŽ
‹‹Žƒ”Ž›ǡ –Š‡ ƒ””ƒ› ˆƒ –‘” ’‡”–‹‡– –‘ –Š‡ —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡Ǧ ’ƒ–Š•ǡ ƒ† ᅫ ԗ ‹• –Š‡ Š‡‹‰Š– †‡’‡†‡– ’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ–‹‘
ƒ• ™‹–Š ƒ‰Ž‡ ᅿ ƒ† ‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒ‰Ž‡ ᅲ ƒ „‡ ‡šǦ ‘‡ˆϐ‹ ‹‡– ˆ‘” Š‡‹‰Š– ԗǤ ‡”‡ǡ ™‡ †‘ ‘– ‘•‹†‡”
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’”‡••‡† ƒ•ǣ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• •‹ ‡ –Š‡‹” ƒ‹ „‡ƒ• ƒ”‡
‘”‹‡–‡† –‘™ƒ”†• –Š‡ •›Ǥ
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Ӷ ᅲ •‹ ि կ ՙ ᇎ •‹ ᅲ ਷ •‹ ᅿ ी ȋͺȌ
ց — ᇎ ‘–‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‘‡ˆϐ‹ ‹‡– ˆ‘” ”‘••Ǧ’‘Žƒ”‹œ‡† ƒ–‡ƒ•
ఉԃ ֏ •‹ ि •‹ ᅲ ਷ •‹ ᅿ ी
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170 © International Telecommunication Union, 2021