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When a flood engulfs a city, the first problem is the water itself, the second problem is the effect of the flooding on vital infrastructure. Part of the United 4 Smart Sustainable Cities initiative, Identifying Cascading Effects on Vital Objects During Flooding is a case study on the development in Holland of a computational model that simulates the impact of a breached dike. Trialled in Rotterdam, it shows how the water cascades through the city and how hospitals and energy and transport networks are affected. The innovation is one of the strands of Adaptive Circular Cities, a Dutch project that aims to encourage people to live more sustainably, and the benefits of such advance information could be huge: greater readiness for a disaster, more resilient cities, better rescue efforts and the saving of lives.

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