Committed to connecting the world
ITU
General Secretariat
Radiocommunication
Standardization
About ITU-T
Events
All Groups
Standards
Resources
BSG
Study Groups
Regional Presence
Join Us
MyWorkspace
Development
ITU Telecom
Members' Zone
Join ITU
ITU-T Recommendations
You are here
Home
>
ITU-T Recommendations
>
ITU-T G.728 (06/2012)
Share
Search by number:
Others:
Content search
Advanced search
Provisional name
Equivalent number
Formal description
Study Groups tree view
All SGs
TSAG
Study Group 2
Study Group 3
Study Group 5
Study Group 11
Study Group 12
Study Group 13
Study Group 15
Study Group 17
Study Group 20
Study Group 21
ITU-T G.728 (06/2012)
عربي
|
中文
|
English
|
Español
|
Français
|
Русский
使用低延迟码激励线性预测16 kbit/s语音编码
ITU-T G.728建议书包含了采用低延迟编码激励线性预测(LD-CELP)的16 kbit/s语音信号编码的算法描述。主要描述位于建议书的主体中,介绍了LD-CELP的浮动点执行。附件A、B、C和D包含了LD-CELP算法所用常数表格。在附件E中,给出了可变适应的先后顺序及其使用,附件F列出了本建议书所使用的缩略语。
附件G包含了ITU-T G.728建议书备选的16 kbit/s(16-bit)固定点规范。此附件的目的在于详细描述在16 kbit/s操作的ITU-T G.728可在定点算法的设备上执行。基于此描述的定点执行应可与ITU-T G.728的浮动点版本进行完全联网,且无论信号是语音还是带内数据信号,应生成同等质量的输出。
如附件H和J所示,ITU-T G.728 LD-CELP可在16 kbit/s以外的三个比特率上操作。对于数字电路倍增设备(DCME)等应用而言,这些额外的操作模式特别有用。
附件H包含了为将编码速率降至12.8和9.6 kbit/s而需对ITU-T G.728 LD-CELP语音编码算法进行的修订。这些修订包括对形状和增益代码本的修订。更低速率的操作可协助DCME处理增加的语音业务量,同时显示得当的质量退化。
附件I涉及如何隐藏由于通信信道中的帧删除或丢包而造成的比特流信息损耗。在正常操作中,当在16 kbit/s速率上操作时,解码器按照与ITU-T G.728主体或其附件G相同的方式工作,或在12.8或9.6 kbit/s速率上操作时,按照与附件H相同的方式工作。附件I中所述的修订仅涉及比特率不可用时变更解码器。假定通过某种外部方式向解码器通知比特流的损耗。对于ITU-T G.728的正常操作而言,附件I并非必不可少。
附件J定义了针对声音频带数据(VBD)优化的40 kbit/s扩展。算法时延为五个样本长度(0.625 ms),这与本建议书所述的其他LD-CELP操作模式相同。附件J中的40 kbit/s的VBD算法旨在用于DCME等应用中的VBD信号压缩传输。该算法可实现向和自其他ITU-T G.728 LD-CELP操作模式的软过渡,也旨在保持高质量语音。附件J是包含LD-CELP(ITU-T G.728)的DCME系统中40 kbit/s ADPCM模式(ITU-T G.726)的高效执行的备选。
附录I包含了有关在16 kbit/s上操作的(浮动点和定点操作)LD-CELP执行验证程序。该附录描述了用于ITU T G.728执行验证的数字测试顺序和测量软件。包括了基于ITU T G.728主体部分的浮动点和定点执行的规定以及基于附件G的比特精确定点执行。
附录II简要介绍了与网络其他部分相互作用时16 kbit/s的LD-CELP算法的语音性能。还提供了一些有关语音类及非语音信号的一般性导则。将ITU-T G.728的性能与ITU-T G.726 ADPCM的32 kbit/s操作模式及ITU-T G.711(64 kbit/s PCM)的性能进行了比较。
附录III提供了发生帧删除时附件I中所定义算法的运算。
本建议书包括了用于验证ITU-T G.728 LD-CELP算法的浮动点和定点执行的程序和测试顺序的电子附件。
Citation:
https://handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11674
Series title:
G series: Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks
G.700-G.799: Digital terminal equipments
G.710-G.729: Coding of voice and audio signals
Approval date:
2012-06-29
Approval process:
AAP
Status:
In force
Maintenance responsibility:
ITU-T Study Group 21
Further details:
Patent statement(s)
Development history
Associated test signals
Editions
Related Supplement(s)
Related technical papers and reports
Ed.
ITU-T Recommendation
Status
Summary
Table of Contents
Download
2
G.728 (06/2012)
In force
here
here
here
2.0
G.728 (2012) Err. 1 (05/2014)
In force
-
-
here
1.9
G.728 (1992) Amd. 1 (05/2006)
Superseded
here
-
here
1.8
G.728 Annex G (1994) Cor. 1 (02/2000)
Superseded
-
-
here
1.7
G.728 Annex J (09/1999)
Superseded
here
here
here
1.6
G.728 Annex I (05/1999)
Superseded
here
here
here
1.5
G.728 Annex H (05/1999)
Superseded
here
here
here
1.4
G.728 Annex H (07/1997)
Superseded
-
-
here
1.3
G.728 App. II (11/1995)
Superseded
-
here
here
1.2
G.728 App. I Software (07/1995)
Superseded
-
-
here
1.1
G.728 Annex G (11/1994)
Superseded
-
here
here
1
G.728 (09/1992)
Superseded
-
-
here
ITU-T Supplement
Title
Status
Summary
Table of contents
Download
G Suppl. 4 (12/1972)
Certain methods of avoiding the transmission of excessive noise between interconnected systems
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 5 (10/1984)
Measurement of the load of telephone circuits under field conditions
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 7 (12/1972)
Loss-frequency response of channel-translating equipment used in some countries for international circuits
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 8 (12/1972)
Method proposed by the Belgian telephone administration for interconnection between coaxial and symmetric pair systems
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 17 (10/1984)
Group-delay distortion performance of terminal equipment
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 19 (10/1984)
Digital crosstalk measurement (method used by the Administrations of France, the Netherlands and Spain)
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 22 (10/1984)
Mathematical models of multiplex signals
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 26 (10/1984)
Estimating the signal load margin of FDM wideband amplifier equipment and transmission systems
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 27 (10/1984)
Interference from external sources
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 28 (10/1984)
Application of transmultiplexers, FDM codecs, data-in-voice (DIV) systems and data-over-voice (DOV) systems during the transition from an analogue to a digital network
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 32 (11/1988)
Transfer of alarm information on 60-channel transmultiplexing equipment
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 34 (11/1988)
Temperature in underground containers for the installation of repeaters
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 35 (11/1988)
Guidelines concerning the measurement of wander
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 36 (11/1988)
Jitter and wander accumulation in digital networks
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 39 (03/2025)
Optical system design and engineering considerations
In force
here
-
here
G Suppl. 40 (07/2024)
Optical fibre and cable Recommendations and standards guideline
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 41 (07/2024)
Design guidelines for optical fibre submarine cable systems
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 42 (10/2018)
Guide on the use of the ITU-T Recommendations related to optical fibres and systems technology
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 43 (02/2011)
Transport of IEEE 10GBASE-R in optical transport networks (OTN)
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 44 (06/2007)
Test plan to verify B-PON interoperability
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 45 (09/2022)
Power conservation in optical access systems
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 46 (05/2009)
G-PON interoperability test plan between optical line terminations and optical network units
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 47 (03/2025)
General aspects of optical fibres and cables
In force
here
-
here
G Suppl. 48 (06/2010)
10-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks: Interface between media access control with serializer/deserializer and physical medium dependent sublayers
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 49 (09/2020)
Rogue optical network unit (ONU) considerations
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 50 (09/2011)
Overview of digital subscriber line Recommendations
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 51 (06/2017)
Passive optical network protection considerations
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 52 (09/2012)
Ethernet ring protection switching
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 53 (12/2014)
Guidance for Ethernet OAM performance monitoring
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 54 (07/2015)
Ethernet linear protection switching
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 55 (12/2023)
Radio-over-fibre (RoF) technologies and their applications
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 56 (02/2016)
OTN transport of CPRI signals
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 57 (07/2015)
Smart home profiles for 6LoWPAN devices
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 58 (07/2024)
Optical transport network module framer interfaces
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 59 (02/2018)
Guidance on optical fibre and cable reliability
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 60 (09/2016)
Ethernet linear protection switching with dual node interconnection
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 62 (02/2018)
Gfast certification
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 64 (02/2018)
PON transmission technologies above 10 Gb/s per wavelength
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 65 (10/2018)
Simulations of transport of time over packet networks
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 66 (09/2020)
5G wireless fronthaul requirements in a passive optical network context
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 67 (07/2019)
Application of optical transport network Recommendations to 5G transport
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 68 (12/2023)
Synchronization operations, administration and maintenance requirements
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 69 (09/2020)
Migration of a pre-standard network to a metro transport network
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 70 (09/2020)
Supplement on sub 1 Gbit/s services transport over optical transport network
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 71 (12/2023)
Optical line termination capabilities for supporting cooperative dynamic bandwidth assignment
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 72 (03/2025)
Modelling consideration for optical media networks
In force
here
-
here
G Suppl. 73 (10/2021)
Influencing factors on quality of experience for multiview video (MVV) services
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 74 (12/2021)
Network slicing in a passive optical network context
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 75 (12/2021)
5G small cell backhaul/midhaul over TDM-PON
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 76 (12/2021)
Optical transport network security
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 77 (06/2022)
Supplement 77 to ITU-T G-series of Recommendations - Influencing factors on quality of experience (QoE) for video customized alerting tone (CAT) and video customized ringing signal (CRS) services
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 78 (09/2022)
Use case and requirements of fibre-to-the-room for small business applications
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 79 (12/2023)
Latency control and deterministic capability over a PON system
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 80 (07/2024)
Use case and requirements of fibre-based in-premises networking for home application (FIP4H)
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 81 (07/2024)
Practical aspects of PON security
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 82 (07/2024)
Enhanced optical line termination with information technology functions
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 83 (07/2024)
Supplement on the use of options in the precision time protocol profile with full timing support from the network
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 84 (03/2025)
Operational aspects of optical access
In force
here
-
here
G Suppl. 85 (03/2025)
FgODU over Point-to-multipoint Network
In force
here
-
here
G Suppl. 86 (03/2025)
Fiber to the Power Grid (FTTGrid) Use Cases and Network Requirements
In force
here
-
here
G Suppl. 87 (03/2025)
Standardization framework for optical fibres for space division multiplexing
In force
here
-
here
Title
Approved on
Download
Roadmap for QoS and QoE in the ITU-T Study Group 12 context (TR-RQ)
2023
here
Considerations on the use of GNSS as a primary time reference in telecommunications
2020
here
Use of G.hn in industrial applications
2020
here
Practical procedures for subjective testing
2011
here
ISDN field trial guidelines
1991
here
Follow us
Twitter
Facebook
YouTube
Flickr
Linkedin
Instagram
Soundcloud
Podcasts
Spotify
Spreaker
TikTok