Page 196 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies – Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

‹”‡Ž‡•• ‡–™‘”•dzǤ ǣ ”ƒ•Ǥ ‹”‡Ž‡•• ‘Ǧ ȏͳ͵Ȑ Ǥ Š—›ƒǡ Ǥ —˜‡ ǡ Ǥ ƒ‹ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ‹ Š‹–‹—ǡ Ǥ ‹‰Šǡ
—Ǥ ͳ͹Ǥ͵ ȋ ƒ”Ǥ ʹͲͳͺȌǡ ’’Ǥ ʹͳͲͻȂʹͳʹͳǤ ĎĘĘēǣ ͳͷ͵͸Ǧ Ǥ ƒŠƒ–‹ǡ ƒ† Ǥ Ǥ ƒ‡‰Ǥ Dz ‡ —”‡ ͷ ‡–™‘”
ͳʹ͹͸Ǥ ĉĔĎǣ RyXRRyNfhq*XkyRdXkd3NkNjǤ ˆ‘” ƒ ƒ–‹‘™‹†‡ ”‘‡ ‘””‹†‘”dzǤ ǣ ”‘ Ǥ
ȏͶȐ Ǥ ‡‰ ƒ† Ǥ Šƒ‰Ǥ Dz ‡”‰›Ǧ‡ˆϐ‹ ‹‡– ‘Ǧ ‡”‘•’Ǥ ‘ˆǤ ‹‰ •›ǡ ǡ ʹͲʹͳǡ ’’Ǥ ͳȂͳͲǤ ĉĔĎǣ RyX
—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š –”ƒŒ‡ –‘”› ‘’–‹‹œƒ–‹‘dzǤ ǣ RRyNf 1_P8yRyyXkykRXN9j3RekǤ
”ƒ•Ǥ ‹”‡Ž‡•• ‘— ͳ͸Ǥ͸ ȋʹͲͳ͹Ȍǡ ’’Ǥ ͵͹Ͷ͹Ȃ ȏͳͶȐ Ǥ —˜‡ Ǥ Dz ƒ’ƒ ‹–› ƒ† ƒ‹”‡•• ƒŽ›•‹• ‘ˆ ‡Ǧ
͵͹͸ͲǤ –‡”‘‰‡‡‘—• ‡–™‘”• ™‹–Š ƒ‰‡ š’ƒ•‹‘
ȏͷȐ Ǥ ‡”ǡ Ǥ ƒƒ†ǡ Ǥ ƒŽ‹ǡ ƒ† Ǥ ƒ” Š‡––‹Ǥ Dz ‡”Ǧ ƒ† –‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‹‘dzǤ ǣ ‘—Ǥ
ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ƒŽ›•‹• ‘ˆ ‘„‹Ž‡ ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ”Ǧ ‘‡ –‡† ‡––Ǥ ͳͷǤͳͲ ȋʹͲͳͳȌǡ ’’Ǥ ͳͲͺͶȂͳͲͺ͹Ǥ ĉĔĎǣ Ry X
”‘‡• —†‡” ”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ –‡ƒ ‘ϐ‹‰—”ƒ–‹‘•dzǤ RRyN fG*PJJXkyRRXy3keRRXRRRj3dǤ
ǣ ”‘ Ǥ Ǥ —„Ž‹ǡ ”‡Žƒ†ǡ —‡ ʹͲʹͲǤ ȏͳͷȐ Ǥ —„Šƒ”ǡ Ǥ ‹‘Žǡ Ǥ —˜‡ ǡ ƒ† Ǥ ƒ›ƒǤ Dz Ǧ
ȏ͸Ȑ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Š‘™†Š—”›ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ƒ‡‰ǡ Ǥ —Ž—–ǡ ƒ† Ǥ —Ǧ –‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” ‡”‹ƒŽ ƒ† ‡””‡•–”‹ƒŽ
˜‡ Ǥ Dz͵Ǧ ”ƒŒ‡ –‘”› ’–‹‹œƒ–‹‘ ‹ Ǧ ••‹•–‡† ‘†‡• ‹ Š”‡‡Ǧ ‹‡” Ǧ †˜ƒ ‡† ‡– ‡–dzǤ ǣ
‡ŽŽ—Žƒ” ‡–™‘”• ‘•‹†‡”‹‰ –‡ƒ ƒ†‹ƒ–‹‘ ”‘ Ǥ ƒ†‹‘ ƒ† ‹”‡Ž‡•• ›’‘•‹— ȋ ȌǤ
ƒ––‡” ƒ† ƒ Šƒ—Ž ‘•–”ƒ‹–dzǤ ǣ ”ƒ•Ǥ ʹͲͳͻǡ ’’Ǥ ͳȂͶǤ ĉĔĎǣ RyXRRyNf_qaXkyRNX3dR9k9RǤ
‡”‘•’Ǥ Ž‡ –”‘Ǥ ›•–Ǥ ͷ͸Ǥͷ ȋʹͲʹͲȌǡ ’’Ǥ ͵͹͵ͷȂ͵͹ͷͲǤ ȏͳ͸Ȑ ƒ› ‡”ǡ ƒŽ‹† ƒƒ†ǡ ƒ† ‹ ‘Žƒ ƒ” Š‡––‹Ǥ
ĉĔĎǣ RyXRRyNfh 1aXkykyXkN3RkjjǤ Dz ‘„‹Ž‹–› ‹ –Š‡ ›ǣ ‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ƒ† ‘„‹Ž‹–›
ȏ͹Ȑ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Š‘™†Š—”›ǡ Ǥ ”†‡ǡƒ† Ǥ —˜‡ ǤDz Ǧ ƒŽ›•‹• ˆ‘” ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ”Ǧ ‘‡ –‡† •dzǤ ǣ
ƒ•‡† Ǧ ‡ƒ”‹‰ ˆ‘” †‘‘” ƒ˜‹‰ƒ–‹‘dzǤ ǣ ”ƒ•Ǥ ‘—Ǥ ȋʹͲʹͲȌǤ
”‘ Ǥ ‘ˆǤ ‘ ‹Ž‹–ƒ”› ‘—Ǥ ȋ ȌǤ ȏͳ͹Ȑ Ǥ ‡”ǡ Ǥ ƒƒ†ǡ ƒ† Ǥ ƒ” Š‡––‹Ǥ Dz ‘™ƒ”†•
‘”ˆ‘Žǡ ǡ ‘˜Ǥ ʹͲͳͻǤ ƒ ‘‡ –‡† ›ǣ ‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ‡ƒˆ‘”‹‰
ȏͺȐ Ǥ ƒŠƒ–‹ǡ Ǥ ‡ǡ Ǥ —˜‡ ǡƒ† —ƒ‹›— ƒ‹Ǥ Dz ›Ǧ ™‹–Š ‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† –‡ƒ• ˆ‘” ”‘—† ƒ†
ƒ‹ ‘„‹Ž‹–›Ǧ ™ƒ”‡ –‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ ˆ‘” •‡” ‘Ǧ‡š‹•–‡ ‡dzǤ ǣ ‘—Ǥ ‡––Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͻȌǡ
‡”‹ƒŽ ƒ•‡ –ƒ–‹‘• ‹ ‘‰‹–‹˜‡ ƒ†‹‘ ‡–™‘”•dzǤ ’’Ǥ ͳȂͳǤ ĎĘĘēǣ ͳͲͺͻǦ͹͹ͻͺǤ ĉĔĎǣ Ry X RRyN f G*PJJ X
ǣ ”‘ Ǥ –Ǥ ‘ˆǤ ‘’—–‡” ‘—Ǥ ȋ Ǧ kyRNXkNkd98kǤ
ȌǤ ƒ”‹•ǡ ”ƒ ‡ǡ ƒ”Ǥ ʹͲͳͻǤ ȏͳͺȐ Ǥ ‡‹ ƒ† Ǥ Šƒ‰Ǥ Dz ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘™Ž‹
ȏͻȐ Ǥ ‡”ƒ ‹ǡ Ǥ ƒ” ‹ƒǦ ‘†”‹‰—‡œǡ Ǥ ƒŠ†‹ œƒ”‹ǡ –‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ”ƒ•‹••‹‘ ƒ† ƒ ‡ŽŽƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘”
Ǥ ‘œƒ‘ǡ Ǥ ‡œœƒ˜‹ŽŽƒǡ Ǥ Šƒ–œ‹‘–ƒ•ǡ Ǥ Š‡ǡ ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ”Ǧ ‘‡ –‡† ǣ ‹˜‹†‡Ǧƒ†Ǧ ‘“—‡”
Ǥ ƒ‰ƒǡ ƒ† Ǥ ‹ ‡œ‘Ǥ Dz Šƒ– ‹ŽŽ –Š‡ —Ǧ ’’”‘ƒ ŠdzǤ ǣ ”ƒ•Ǥ ‘—Ǥ ͸ͺǤʹ ȋʹͲʹͲȌǡ
–—”‡ ‘ˆ ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ” ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘• ‡ǫ Ž‹‰Š– ’’Ǥ ͳʹͻ͹Ȃͳ͵ͳͳǤ ĉĔĎǣ Ry X RRyN f h*PJJ X kyRN X
ˆ”‘ ͷ –‘ ͸ dzǤ ǣ ƒ” ‹˜ ‡Ǧ’”‹–•ǡ ƒ” ‹˜ǣʹͳͲͷǤͲͶͺͶʹ kN88N8jǤ
ȋ ƒ› ʹͲʹͳȌǡ ƒ” ‹˜ǣʹͳͲͷǤͲͶͺͶʹǤ ƒ” ‹˜ǣ kRy8Xy939k ȏͳͻȐ Ǥ ƒŽ‹ǡ Ǥ ‡”ǡ Ǥ ‘•‡ ƒǡ ƒ† Ǥ Ǥ ƒ ‹Ž˜ƒǤ
(+bXAh)Ǥ Dz –‡ŽŽ‹‰‡– ƒ•‡ –ƒ–‹‘ ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” ‡ŽǦ
ȏͳͲȐ Ǥ ‹ǡ Ǥ ‹”‡ǡ Ǥ —Ž‡”ǡ Ǥ ƒ†ƒǡ Ǥ ƒƒ––ƒ‡ǡ Ž—Žƒ” •‡”•ǣ —’‡”˜‹•‡† ‡ƒ”‹‰ ’’”‘ƒ ŠdzǤ
Ǥ —”—‰ƒƒ–Šƒǡ Ǥ ƒ‘ǡ Ǥ ǦǤ Ǥ ƒ‰ǡ Ǥ ƒ—’’‹ǡ ǣ ƒ” ‹˜ ‡Ǧ’”‹–•ǡ ƒ” ‹˜ǣʹͲͲ͵ǤͲͳʹͺ͹ ȋ ƒ”Ǥ ʹͲʹͲȌǡ
Ǥ ‘—ǡ ƒ† Ǥ ƒŒƒƒ”ƒ›ƒƒǤ Dz ‘„‹Ž‡ ‡–™‘”Ǧ ƒ” ‹˜ǣʹͲͲ͵ǤͲͳʹͺ͹Ǥ ƒ” ‹˜ǣ kyyjXyRk3d (+bXAh)Ǥ
‘‡ –‡† ”‘‡•ǣ ‹‡Ž† ”‹ƒŽ•ǡ ‹—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ ƒ† ȏʹͲȐ Ǥ Ǥ œƒ”‹ǡ Ǥ ƒŒ‹ŒƒƒŽ‹ ”ƒ‹ǡ ƒ† Ǥ ‘•ƒ•Ǥ
‡•‹‰ •‹‰Š–•dzǤ ǣ ‡ŠǤ ‡ Š‘ŽǤ ƒ‰Ǥ ͳͶǤ͵ Dz ‘„‹Ž‡ ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ”Ǧ ‘‡ –‡† •ǣ ‡‹ˆ‘” ‡‡–
ȋ ‡’–Ǥ ʹͲͳͻȌǡ ’’Ǥ ͳͳͷȂͳʹͷǤ ĉĔĎǣ Ry X RRyN f Joh X ‡ƒ”‹‰ ˆ‘” › ‹‹–•dzǤ ǣ ”‘ Ǥ Ž‘„‡ ‘
kyRNXkNRdjejǤ ‘”•Š‘’• ȋ •Š’•Ǥ ʹͲʹͲǡ ’’Ǥ ͳȂ͸Ǥ ĉĔĎǣ Ry X
ȏͳͳȐ Ǥ ‘††‡‡‹‡”ǡ Ǥ ƒ‹‡Žǡ ƒ† Ǥ ‹‡–ˆ‡Ž†Ǥ Dz ‘Ž‡Ǧ RRyNf:*qFb?Tb8yjyjXkykyXNjed83yǤ
ƒ•‡† ‘‡ –‹˜‹–› ƒƒ‰‡‡– ™‹–Š ‡ƒŽ‹•–‹ ȏʹͳȐ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Š‘™†Š—”›ǡ Ǥ ƒƒ†ǡ ƒ† Ǥ —˜‡ Ǥ Dz ‘Ǧ
‹”Ǧ–‘Ǧ ”‘—† Šƒ‡Ž• ˆ‘” ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ •dzǤ ǣ „‹Ž‹–› ƒƒ‰‡‡– ˆ‘” ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ”Ǧ ‘‡ –‡† •ǣ
Ǥ ‡ŽǤ ”‡ƒ• ‘—Ǥ ͵ͲǤͷ ȋʹͲͳʹȌǡ ’’Ǥ ͻͷͳȂ ‡ƒ”‹‰Ǧ ƒ•‡† ’’”‘ƒ ŠdzǤ ǣ ”‘ Ǥ
ͻ͸͵Ǥ ĉĔĎǣ RyXRRyNfCa *XkyRkXRkyeRyǤ ‘”•Š‘’•Ǥ —„Ž‹ǡ ”‡Žƒ†ǡ ʹͲʹͲǡ ’’Ǥ ͳȂ͸Ǥ ĉĔĎǣ RyX
ȏͳʹȐ Ǥ ‹‰Šǡ Ǥ Ǥ —ƒ”ƒǡ Ǥ —˜‡ ǡ Ǥ Š—›ƒǡ Ǥ ƒ‹ǡ RRyNfA**qQ`Fb?QTb9Nyy8XkykyXNR98y3NǤ
ƒ† Ǥ Ǥ ‹ Š‹–‹—Ǥ Dz ’‡ –”— ‡—•‡ ƒ‘‰ ‡”‹ƒŽ ȏʹʹȐ Ǥ Š‡ǡ Ǥ ‹ǡ Ǥ Šƒǡ ƒ† Ǥ ‘œƒˆˆƒ”‹Ǥ Dz ˆǦ
ƒ† ”‘—† •‡”•‹ ƒ˜‡ ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ” ‡–™‘”•‹ ϐ‹ ‹‡– ”‘‡ ‘„‹Ž‹–› —’’‘”– •‹‰ ‡‹ˆ‘” ‡Ǧ
”„ƒ ‡––‹‰•dzǤ ǣ ”‘ Ǥ ‘•—‡” ‘—Ǥ ‡– ‡ƒ”‹‰dzǤ ǣ ”‘ Ǥ ‹”‡Ž‡•• ‘—Ǥ
‡–™Ǥ ‘ˆǤ ȋ ȌǤ ʹͲʹͲǡ ’’Ǥ ͳȂ͸Ǥ ĉĔĎǣ RyXRRyNf ‡–™Ǥ ‘ˆǤ ȋ ȌǤ ʹͲʹͲǡ ’’Ǥ ͳȂ͸Ǥ ĉĔĎǣ RyXRRyNf
**L*9eRy3XkykyXNy98kNyǤ q*L*98eejXkykyXNRky8N8Ǥ

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