Page 195 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies – Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

–Š‡ —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• ƒ”‡ ’”‡•‡–‡† ™‹–Š •‘Ž‹† Ž‹‡• ƒ† †‡’Ž‘›‹‰ Žƒ”‰‡Ǧ• ƒŽ‡ —”„ƒ ƒ‡”‹ƒŽ •›•–‡• ‹ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”
• ‡ƒ”‹‘• ™‹–Š‘—– –Š‡ —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• ƒ”‡ ”‡’”‡•‡–‡† ˆ—–—”‡ ™Š‹Ž‡ ƒ‹–ƒ‹‹‰ –Š‡ ”‡Ž‹ƒ„Ž‡ ƒ† ‡ˆϐ‹ ‹‡–
„› –Š‡ †ƒ•Š‡† Ž‹‡•Ǥ – ‹• ‡˜‹†‡– ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ’Ž‘–• ‘ˆ „‘–Š ‘‡š‹•–‡ ‡ ‘ˆ • ƒ† •Ǥ
‹‰Ǥ ͳͶȋƒȌ ƒ† ‹‰Ǥ ͳͶȋ„Ȍ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‹’ƒ – ‘ˆ —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒǦ
–‡ƒ• ‘ –Š‡ • ‹• –”‹˜‹ƒŽ ƒ† –Š‡ Ž‹‡• ”‡’”‡•‡Ǧ —” ’”‘’‘•‡† ˆ”ƒ‡™‘” ƒ „‡ ‡š–‡†‡† ‹ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ
–‹‰ –Š‡•‡ –™‘ • ‡ƒ”‹‘• ‘˜‡”Žƒ’ ‡ƒ Š ‘–Š‡”Ǥ Š‹• ‹• ™ƒ›•Ǥ ‹”•– ‘ˆ ƒŽŽǡ –Š‡ †—–› › Ž‡ ’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡” ᅬ ƒ „‡ –ƒ‡
„‡Ǧ ƒ—•‡ –Š‡ ƒ‹ Ž‘„‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• ƒ”‡ ‹–‘ ƒ ‘—– ‹ –Š‡ ‘’–‹‹œƒ–‹‘ ˆ”ƒ‡™‘” –‘ ƒš‹‹œ‡
ˆ‘ —•‡† –‘™ƒ”†• –Š‡ •› ƒ† Š‡ ‡ǡ –Š‡ ‘Ž› ‹’ƒ – –Š‡› –Š‡ ‹‹— ”ƒ–‡ ȋ‹•–‡ƒ† ‘ˆ Ȍ ‘ˆ „‘–Š ƒ†
ƒ ”‡ƒ–‡ ‹• –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ •‹†‡ Ž‘„‡•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡•‡ •‹†‡ •‹ ‡ –Š‘•‡ ™Š‘ ƒ”‡ ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ•
Ž‘„‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• ƒ ”‡ƒ–‡ Ž‹––Ž‡ –‘ ‘ •—ˆˆ‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ”‡†— ‡† ”ƒ–‡ ‹ ‘—” ’”‘’‘•‡† ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”Ǥ
‹’ƒ – ‘ –Š‡ • ™Š‘ ƒ”‡ ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ –Š‡ —’†ƒ–‡† ˜‡”•‹‘ ‘ˆ ‡ ‘™ ƒ• ˆ—”Ǧ
’”‘˜‹†‹‰ ˜‡”› Š‹‰Š ƒ–‡ƒ ‰ƒ‹•Ǥ ‘–‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ –Š‡” ‡Šƒ ‡† ȋ ‡ Ȍ ƒ „‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡† ‹ ™Š‹ Š
‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ –”‡†• ™‹ŽŽ •–‹ŽŽ „‡ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ˆ‘” ͵ Ǧ„ƒ•‡† –”ƒˆϐ‹ †ƒ–ƒ ‹• –”ƒ•‹––‡† †—”‹‰ ™‹–Š ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž› Ž‘™
’ƒ–ŠǦŽ‘•• ‘†‡Ž• ȏͶͲȐ ˆ‘” •Ǥ ’‘™‡”Ǥ ‘–Š‡” ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ •–—†› ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ „‡–Ǧ
–‡” ‘‡ –‹˜‹–› ƒ† ”‡Ž‹ƒ„Ž‡ ‘„‹Ž‹–› ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ ”‡†— ‹‰ ’‹‰Ǧ
’‘‰ ƒ† Šƒ†‘˜‡” ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡•Ȍ –‘ –Š‡ • ™Š‘•‡ –”ƒŒ‡ –‘Ǧ
‘–‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ • ‘ˆ –Š‡ • ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ ™‹–Š ‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰ ”‹‡• ƒ”‡ ‘™ „‡ˆ‘”‡Ǥ – ‹• ™‘”–Š ‘–‹‰ –Šƒ–ǡ ‘—” ’”‘Ǧ
ƒ‰Ž‡ •‹ ‡ Š‹‰Š‡” ƒ‰Ž‡• ”‡†— ‡ ‹–‡”Ǧ ‡ŽŽ ‹–‡”ˆ‡Ǧ ’‘•‡† ‡–Š‘† ™‹ŽŽ ‘– „‡ ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ •—’’‘”– • ‹ –Š‡ ”‡Ǧ
”‡ ‡Ǥ ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ Žƒ”‰‡” ‡ŽŽ ƒ”‡ƒ• ‘” • ’”‘˜‹†‡ ‰‹‘• ™Š‡”‡ ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ” ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”— –—”‡• ƒ”‡ ‘– ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ
„‡––‡” ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ ”‡†— ‡† ‹–‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ‘˜‡” †‡•‡”–• ‘” ‘ ‡ƒ•Ǥ ‡ ƒ› ‡‡† –‘ ”‡Ž› ‘ Š‹‰ŠǦ
‘ –Š‡ ‡ŽŽǦ ‡–‡”‡† •Ǥ –Š‡” –Šƒ –Š‡ ’Ž‘– ˆ‘” ƒŽ–‹–—†‡ ƒ‡”‹ƒŽ• ’Žƒ–ˆ‘”• ‘” Ž‘™ ‡ƒ”–Š ‘”„‹–ƒŽ •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡•
 ƒ† ԗ ǡ ƒŽŽ ‘–Š‡” ’Ž‘–• •Š‘™ –Šƒ– ˆ‘” ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ ”‡Ž‹ƒ„Ž‡ ‘‡ –‹˜‹–› –‘ • ‹ –Š‡•‡ ‡šǦ
’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ‹• ‹˜ƒ”‹ƒ– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘’–‹ƒŽ ƒ‰Ž‡• ‘ˆ –”‡‡ ƒ•‡•Ǥ
–Š‡ —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ•Ǥ ‘”  ƒ† ԗ ‘–Š‡” Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘—” ’”‘’‘•‡† ˆ”ƒ‡™‘” ‹• –Šƒ– –Š‡
ǡ –Š‡ ‡ŽŽǦ‡†‰‡ —•‡”• •—ˆˆ‡” ˆ”‘ Ž‡•• ‹–‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡ •‹ ‡ ‡š–”ƒ •‡– ‘ˆ ƒ–‡ƒ• ™‹ŽŽ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ –Š‡ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ ‡‡”‰› ‘Ǧ
• –‡† –‘ ˆ‘ —• ‘”‡ —’™ƒ”†• ™‹–Š Š‹‰Š‡” ԗ Ǥ •—’–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡–™‘”Ǥ ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ –Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡
†‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• ƒ ‹’ƒ – –Š‡ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡
͹Ǥ Ǧ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •Ǥ ‡ ‡ǡ Œ‘‹– ‘’–‹‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ‰Ž‡•ǡ
–”ƒ•‹– ’‘™‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ —’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ•ǡ ‡ Ȁ ‡
’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”•ǡ ƒ† ƒ‰Ž‡• ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ‹ Ž—†‡† ‹ ‘—” ˆ—–—”‡
 –Š‹• ’ƒ’‡”ǡ ™‡ Šƒ˜‡ ’”‘’‘•‡† ƒ ‘˜‡Ž ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ” ƒ” Š‹Ǧ ™‘” –‘ ƒ‡ ‘—” ˆ”ƒ‡™‘” ‘”‡ ‡ˆϐ‹ ‹‡–Ǥ
–‡ –—”‡ „› ‘•‹†‡”‹‰ ƒ ‡š–”ƒ •‡– ‘ˆ ƒ–‡ƒ• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡
—’Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† –‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡ ‰‘‘† ƒ† ”‡Ž‹ƒ„Ž‡ ‘‡ –‹˜‹–› –‘ –Š‡
•Ǥ Š‡•‡ ƒ–‡ƒ• ‘‡š‹•– ™‹–Š –Š‡ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ †‘™Ǧ
–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• ƒ† —•‡ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ –‹‡ ƒ† ˆ”‡“—‡ › ”‡Ǧ
•‘—” ‡•Ǥ Š‡ †‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ• ƒ ”‡ƒ–‡ ‹–‡”ˆ‡Ǧ Š‹• ™‘” Šƒ• „‡‡ •—’’‘”–‡† „› ‰”ƒ–• Ǧ
”‡ ‡ –‘ –Š‡ • „› –Š‡ ƒ–‡ƒ •‹†‡ Ž‘„‡• ƒ† ǡ ͳͶͷ͵͸͹ͺǡ Ǧͳͻͳͳͷ͵ǡ Ǧͳͻͻ͵͹ʹǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• „›
ƒ† ™‡ Šƒ˜‡ ’”‘’‘•‡† ƒ ‘†‹ϐ‹‡† ’ƒ–ŠǦŽ‘•• ‘†‡Ž –‘ †ƒŠ‘ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”› ‹”‡ –‡† ‡•‡ƒ” Š ‡˜‡Ž‘’Ǧ
ƒ’–—”‡ –Š‡ ‹’ƒ – ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘ –Š‡ •Ǥ ‘ ‡•—”‡ Š‹‰Š ‡– ȋ Ȍ ”‘‰”ƒ —†‡” †ƒŠ‘ ’‡”ƒ–‹‘• ˆǦ
ƒ† ”‡Ž‹ƒ„Ž‡ ‘‡ –‹˜‹–›ǡ ™‡ Šƒ˜‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡† ƒ ϐ‹ ‡ ‘–”ƒ – ͹Ǧͷ ͳͶͷͳ͹Ǥ
‘’–‹‹œƒ–‹‘ ’”‘„Ž‡ ™‹–Š ƒ ƒ‹ –‘ ƒš‹‹œ‡ –Š‡
‹‹— „› –—‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡ ‘ˆ ‡ƒ Š Ǥ
‹ ‡ –Š‡ ’”‘„Ž‡ ‹• ǦŠƒ”†ǡ ™‡ Šƒ˜‡ ’”‘’‘•‡† ƒ
Ǧ„ƒ•‡† ƒ‰Ž‡ ‘’–‹‹œƒ–‹‘ ‡–Š‘† –‘ ‘„–ƒ‹
Š‹‰ŠǦ“—ƒŽ‹–› •—„‘’–‹ƒŽ •‘Ǧ Ž—–‹‘• ‡ˆϐ‹ ‹‡–Ž›Ǥ ’ƒ”– ȏͳȐ Ǥ ‡”ƒ ‹ǡ Ǥ ƒ” ‹ƒǦ ‘†”‹‰—‡œǡ Ǥ ƒŽƒ–‹ ‹‘”†ƒ‘ǡ
ˆ”‘ –Š‹•ǡ ™‡ Šƒ˜‡ ƒŽ•‘ ‘•‹†Ǧ ‡”‡† –Š‡ ͵ •’‡ ‹ϐ‹‡† Ǥ ‘’‡œǦ ‡”‡œǡ ƒ† Ǥ Œ‘”•‘Ǥ Dz †‡”•–ƒ†‹‰
‡ –‘ ”‡†— ‡ –Š‡ ‹–‡”ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ƒ—•‡† „› –Š‡ ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ” ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘•ǣ ”‘ š‹•–‹‰ ‡–Ǧ
†‘™Ǧ–‹Ž–‡† ƒ–‡ƒ•Ǥ ‡ Šƒ˜‡ ”— ‡š–‡•‹˜‡ •‹—ŽƒǦ ™‘”• –‘ ƒ••‹˜‡ dzǤ ǣ ‡•• ͸ ȋʹͲͳͺȌǡ
–‹‘• –‘ •–—†› ‘—” ’”‘’‘•‡† ‡–Š‘† ˆ‘” ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ” ’’Ǥ ͸͹ͺͷ͵Ȃ͸͹ͺ͸ͷǤ ĎĘĘēǣ ʹͳ͸ͻǦ͵ͷ͵͸Ǥ ĉĔĎǣ RyXRRyNf
‡–™‘” †‡’Ž‘›‡– ‘ϐ‹‰—”ƒ–‹‘• •— Š ƒ• ǡ **1aaXkyR3Xk3dedyyǤ
Š‡‹‰Š–ǡ ƒ‰Ž‡ǡ —„‡” ‘ˆ ƒ–‡ƒ ‡Ž‡‡–•ǡ ‡– Ǥ —”
”‡•—Ž–• Šƒ˜‡ •Š‘™ –Šƒ– ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ ‘—” ’”‘’‘•‡† ‡–Š‘† ȏʹȐ Ǥ ‹ǡ Ǥ ƒŒƒƒ”ƒ›ƒƒǡ Ǥ Ǥ —”—‰ƒƒ–Šƒǡ Ǥ ƒ‘ǡ
ƒ ’”‘˜‹†‡ Š‹‰Š ‹‹— ˆ‘” –Š‡ •Ǥ —” ”‡•—Ž–• Ǥ •’Ž—†ǡ Ǥ ƒƒ––ƒ‡ǡ Ǥ ‡”‰•–”‘ǡ Ǥ —Ž‡”ǡ
Šƒ˜‡ ƒŽ•‘ ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡† •‘‡ ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ †‡•‹‰ ‰—‹†‡Ǧ Ž‹‡• ƒ† Ǥ ǦǤ Ǥ ƒ‰Ǥ Dz Š‡ › • ‘– –Š‡ ‹‹–ǣ
•— Š ƒ• –Š‡ ‹’ƒ – ‘ˆ –Š‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ ƒ–‡ƒ ‡Ž‡Ǧ ˆ‘” ƒ‡† ‡”‹ƒŽ ‡Š‹ Ž‡•dzǤ ǣ ‘—Ǥ
‡–• ƒ† –Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡• ‘ –Š‡ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ǡ ƒ† ƒ‰Ǥ ͷ͸ǤͶ ȋ ’”Ǥ ʹͲͳͺȌǡ ’’Ǥ ʹͲͶȂʹͳͲǤ ĉĔĎǣ RyXRRyNf
‘•– ‹’‘”–ƒ–Ž›ǡ ‘—” ‡–Š‘† Šƒ• •Š‘™ Ž‹––Ž‡ –‘ ‘ ‹Ǧ J*PJXkyR3XRdyye9jǤ
’ƒ – ‘ –Š‡ • ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡š‹•–‹‰ • ‹ –Š‡ ‡–™‘”Ǥ ȏ͵Ȑ Ǥ —ǡ Ǥ ‡‰ǡ ƒ† Ǥ Šƒ‰Ǥ Dz ‘‹– ”ƒŒ‡ –‘”›
Š—•ǡ –Š‡ ’”‘’‘•‡† –‡ Š‹“—‡ ƒ „‡ ƒ •–”‘‰ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ ˆ‘” ƒ† ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‡•‹‰ ˆ‘” —Ž–‹Ǧ ƒ„Ž‡†

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