Page 93 - Kaleidoscope Academic Conference Proceedings 2024

ELECTROMAGNETIC BAND GAP-BASED CIRCULAR RING-SHAPED WEARABLE
ANTENNA WITH IMPROVED GAIN FOR INTERNET OF THINGS APPLICATIONS IN 5-G
SUB-6 GHZ

2
1
Khemchandra, Anuragi ; Pinku, Ranjan
1
ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior & Directorate of Skill Development, Madhya
Pradesh, India
2 ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior, India

ABSTRACT antenna warned at human bodies could cause serious health
This paper presents an integrated electromagnetic band problems. In addition, antennas must function well in
gap (EBG) wearable antenna for the Internet of Things (IoT) various bending conditions, including those involving a
applications. The proposed antenna is designed on Jean’s moving body or body curvature, and—above all—must
substrate (∈ = 1.7, ( ) = 0.085). The produce minimal backward radiation [8-10]. The suitability

suggested antenna's final dimensions are 66.80 × 66.80 × of a wide range of designs for use as wearable antennas has
0.7 . The proposed antenna frequencyresonate at 3.53 been investigated, including EBG-based antennas [11],
3
GHz and operates in the frequency range 3.505 to 3.558 microstrip patch antennas [12–13], E-shaped dipole
GHz. EBG's primary function is to reduce back lobe antennas [14], CPW antennas [15–16], folding slot antennas
radiation in order to increase the proposed antenna's gain [17–18], and monopole antennas [19–20]. Large size,
in the operating frequency band . After using EBG, gain is narrow bandwidth, low gain, low efficiency, and high back
increased from 2.9 to 8.7 dBi. The radiation efficiency is radiation were some of the drawbacks of these systems.
88.43 %. The bending analysis for wearable antenna at
different radius is presented. An excellent consent is found Electromagnetic bandgap structures (EBG) are special
between the simulated and measured outcomes, confirming structures used in antenna design that reduce back lobe
that it is appropriate for IoT applications in 5G Sub-6 GHz radiation by eliminating detuning effects and increasing
frequency band. gain. To enhance the antenna's performance under these
circumstances, antenna modeling employs this technique.
Keywords – Internet of Things (IoT), Electromagnetic Nevertheless, these configurations raise the antenna's layer
bandgap (EBG), 5G, Wearable count and complexity [21–22]. This paper uses the EBG
surface to reduce path loss and enhance gain. This
1. INTRODUCTION preserves good impedance matching despite improving
gain and tolerance to the human body. The structure of this
Wireless communication technology has advanced letter is as follows: In Section 2, the patch antenna's
significantly in recent decades, offering endless possibilities fundamental design principle is explained. Section 3 then
for the Internet of Things (IoT) and a high data rate. [1]. By covers antenna performance; Section 4 investigates antenna
using IoT gateways, these antennas are used for Wireless performance for wearable applications; and Section 5
Body Area Networks (WBANs) applications, including concludes.
tracking health issues, entertainment, sports, military uses,
navigation, and more. Nowadays, wearable antennas are 2. ANTENNA AND EBG DESIGNS
easily integrated into clothing and portable wearable
devices since they are lightweight, flexible, durable, 2.1 Antenna designs
compact, portable, and low profile [2-4]. The wearable
antenna was designed to be in close proximity to the human The proposed circular ring-shaped wearable antenna's
body [5-6]. The human body has its own dielectric geometry is illustrated in Figure 1. The antenna is
properties that have a harsh impact on the conviction of the developed on a 0.7 mm thick jeans substrate with a loss
antenna [7]. Due to the lossy human body and its biological tangent (tan δ) of 0.085 and a relative permittivity of ε r =
tissue property, a large amount of power of the antenna is 1.7. The antenna element's dimensions are 38 x 26 x 0.7
absorbed and detuned to a lower frequency and may; mm3. The copper tape of 0.035 mm wide is used to make
therefore, the gain of the antenna is reduced, and the the conducting surfaces of the intended antenna. The
radiation pattern changes. However, the radiation from the suggested antenna made use of a material commonly found

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