Page 97 - Kaleidoscope Academic Conference Proceedings 2024

Innovation and Digital Transformation for a Sustainable World

4. ANALYZING THE ANTENNA 4.2 The Effect of Antennas Interact on the Human
EFFECTIVENESS FOR WEARABLE Beings
DEVICES APPLICATIONS
Investigating how close the human body is to designed
4.1 Bending effect on the proposed antenna antennas is crucial for wearable applications. As a result, as
illustrated in figure 12, the refelection coefficients of the
Evaluating the integrated antenna with EBG under bending fabricated antenna prototype with EBG was tested on
conditions comes before examining the human beings various human body parts, including the hand, chest, and
loading effect because when operating, the wearable leg. When this fabricated antenna is placed on human hand,
antenna should conform to the surfaces of the human body. chest and leg, and compare to operating frequency 3.53
To evaluate the banding of the circular ring-shaped GHz in free space then we find that operating frequencies
wearable antenna, it is bent over various cylindrical radius reduces and shifted to 3.34, 3.49 and 3.52 GHz
(R (mm)) at 30, 50, 70, and 90 in the y-axis, as illustrated in respectively as shown in figure 13.
Figure 10. The results of simulated S 11 demonstrated the
strong stability of proposed antenna and its stable operation
across the supported frequency ranges. Maintaining the
same impedance range as the rest condition at the specified
frequency bands, and no discernible detuning in the center
frequencies was observed.

Figure 12 – Antenna measurement across various
human body parts: (a) arm (b) chest (c) leg
Figure 10 – The proposed antenna's bending in the Y-
axis at different radius

Figure 13 – Comparison of S11 in free space of
proposed antenna with EBG with various parts of
Figure 11 –Comparison of bent and flat antennas human body

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