Page 98 - Kaleidoscope Academic Conference Proceedings 2024

2024 ITU Kaleidoscope Academic Conference

4.3 SAR Analysis Table 1 – Comparision of the proposed antenna with
existing literature
In relation to wearable antennas or devices emitting
Dim.
SAR
electromagnetic radiation, it will turn out valuable to know Ref. (mm ) Sub. Res. Peak Rad. (W/kg
3
Effi.
No.
Gain
Mat.
Fre.
that SAR helps in ascertaining the amount of energy (GHz) (%) )
absorbed that might have an effect on human tissue. [11] 150 × 150 Jeans 1.8, - - 0.024,
Regulatory standards often limit the values such that × 1 2.45 0.016
exposure to these fields would not exceed levels known or [13] 120 × 120 felt 2.45 6.4 - 0.48
believed to cause adverse health effects. The basic equation × 1.1
for calculating SAR value is given by the following [17] 5.8 7.6
equation (19). 89 × 83 × Rogers 2.45 6.4 0.29
1.52 RO3003 3.3 3 -
| | 2 [19] 78 × 74 × Epoxy 2.45 7 80 0.44
SAR ═ 3.6 FR4

[24] 100 × 100 felt 2.45 2.42 40 0.072
× 3
Where σ = Conductivity in S/m, E = Electric field intensity
3
in V/m and ρ = mass density in kg/m . The human body [25] 81 × 81 × wool 2.45 7.3 70 0.554
three layer tissue models which is consists of skin (Relative 4 felt
permittivity = 36.97, Conductivity = 2.04 S/m, and Density 66.80 × Jeans 3.53 8.7 88.4
3
= 1001 kg/m ), fat (Relative permittivity = 5.17, Proposed Antenna 66.80 ×
3
Conductivity = 0.15 S/m, and Density = 900 kg/m ) and 0.7
muscle (Relative permittivity = 51.40, Conductivity = 2.58
3
S/m, and Density = 1006 kg/m ) are used to calculate the
SAR performance as depicted in figure 14. During 5. CONCLUSION
simulation the gap is provided between the body model and
the prototype is 1 mm and the thickness of Skin, Fat, and A wearable circular ring-shaped antenna with a 4 × 4 EBG
Muscle are taken 2, 5 and 20 respectively. IEEE/IEC array based on Jean’s substrate has been developed and
62704-1 for 1 g of tissue at 3.53 GHz is used to calculate examined for IoT applications in 5 G sub 6 GHz frequency
the SAR. The antenna's measured SAR value of 0.933 band. The proposed antenna operates at a 3.53 GHz
W/kg is considerably lower than the FCC limit of 1.6 W/kg resonant frequency. The gain of the proposed antenna is 8.7
as depicted in figure 15. dBi. Bending tests have been carried out using the
prototype, and consistent outcomes were recorded. The
proposed antenna performs satisfactorily results of radiation
pattern, gain, bandwidth, and reflection coefficient. Hence,
It is suitable for wearable applications.

REFERENCES

[1] Li, Erfeng, Xue Jun Li, and Boon-Chong Seet. "A
triband slot patch antenna for conformal and
wearable applications." Electronics 10.24
(2021) : 3155.

[2] Purohit, Sweety, and Falguni Raval. "Wearable-
Figure 14 – 3 D fantum model of proposed antenna textile patch antenna using jeans as substrate at
2.45 GHz." International Journal of Engineering
Research & Technology (IJERT) 3.5 (2014).

[3] Yadav, Ashok, et al. "Design of circularly
polarized triple-band wearable textile antenna with
safe low SAR for human health." Electronics 9.9
(2020): 1366.

[4] de Maagt, Peter, et al. "Electromagnetic bandgap
antennas and components for microwave and (sub)
millimeter wave applications." IEEE Transactions
on Antennas and Propagation 51.10 (2003): 2667-
2677.
Figure 15 – Specific Absorption rate at 3.53 GHz

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