Page 124 - Trust in ICT 2017
P. 124

2                                                    Trust in ICT


            networks in the brain that produce intelligence and consciousness; 4) ecological networks; and 5) social
            networks comprised of transportation, utilities, and telecommunication systems, as well as economies. The
            ICT infrastructure with the help of cloud computing can provide massive computer simulations for complex
            systems.

            A stepwise approach toward future knowledge society

            For the networked society, knowledge is a source of all human beings including behaviours and building
            society.  The  networking  of  knowledge  and  the  speeding  up  of  information  processing  open  up  new
            possibilities for work according to their use and their ultimate purpose. The current Internet as a public
            network  gives  fresh opportunities to  achieve  equal and  universal  access to  knowledge.  True  knowledge
            society is evolved from sustainable development of the ICT infrastructure.

            Jeremy Rifkin in his 2011 book "The Third Industrial Revolution" said that there will be new information and
            communication technologies associated with a change in knowledge systems and patterns [16]. With the
            advent of virtual world during the digital revolution, the society of the intangible always confers greater
            strategic  advantages  and  power  over  the  tangible.  Jeremy  Rifkin  explores  how  Internet  technology  and
            renewable energy are merging to create a powerful "Third Industrial Revolution". He asks us to imagine
            hundreds of millions of people producing their own green energy in their homes, offices, and factories, and
            sharing it with each other in an "Energy Internet", just like we now create and share information online. The
            Third Industrial Revolution by using Internet technology will create thousands of businesses and millions of
            jobs, and usher in a fundamental reordering  of human relationships. It will impact the way we conduct
            business, govern society, educate our children, and engage in civic life. The revolution toward knowledge
            society improves thermodynamic efficiencies, dramatically increases productivity, and reduces the marginal
            cost of producing and delivering a full range of goods and services to near zero across the entire economy.

            4.2     New technologies for knowledge society

            Data formats depending on applications

            Through the ICT infrastructure, there are various digital data types and formats including audio/video as well
            as files. In telecommunication and broadcast applications, the content formats are used in recording and
            transmission, which include analogue and digitized contents. The contents may be delivered via transmission
            channels, encrypted in digital forms, recorded in storage and processing methods, and displayed on the
            screen. The metadata provides the descriptive information of the data such as means, purpose, time and
            date, creator or author, and location, etc.
            For Internet applications, there are many file types and formats that are encoded for digital storage in a
            computer. Some file formats such as hypertext markup language (HTML), scalable vector graphics, and source
            codes of computer language are used with defined syntaxes and possible control characters. The chunk-
            based file format are used for the Internet, in which the identifiers are human-readable and classify parts of
            the  data  such  as  "surname",  "address",  "rectangle",  and  "font",  etc.  The  information  that  identifies  a
            particular  "chunk"  may  be  called  by  "field  name",  "identifier",  "label",  or  "tag". The  data  format  with
            multipurpose Internet mail extensions (MIME) header, comma-separated value (CSV), extensible markup
            language (XML), and JavaScript object notation (JSON) are used on the Internet and the web. Recently,
            unstructured file formats of raw data are widely used by dumping memory or collecting sensing data of
            Internet of things (IoT) devices. The unstructured data is difficult for reading and writing without conversion
            to a structured format. To identify a file format, the internal metadata is stored inside the file itself. Typical
            file  header  contains  metadata  about  content  format,  size,  resolution,  colour,  and  optional  authoring
            information. Such metadata may be used by reading, interpreting, and displaying the file.

            For the location-based applications, the geographic data format is used to capture, store, edit, analyse, share,
            and display spatial or geographical information. The geographical data are used for location-enabled services
            such as transport/logistics, real estate, public safety, crime mapping, national defence, and climatology. The
            global positioning system (GPS)-enabled mobile devices are used to display their location in relation to fixed
            objects  (nearest  restaurant,  gas  station,  and  fire  hydrant,  etc.) or mobile objects  (friends,  children,  and
            police cars, etc.). The geographical data represent real objects such as roads, lands, trees, houses, buildings,



            116
   119   120   121   122   123   124   125   126   127   128   129