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Trust in ICT 2

– There are different information-use strategies based on useful knowledge.

– Knowledge is precisely what enables us to "orient ourselves in thought".
– To transform information into knowledge, the distinction between knowledge and information must
also take into account the process whereby knowledge is shaped as information.

Socialization Externalization

Empathizing Taci Articulating

Tacit Explic

Embodying Connecting
Explic

Internalization Combination

Figure 5 – Recursive cycle of knowledge creation (ref. [15])

Recursive natures of knowledge
Knowledge creation has an iterative and recursive nature between tacit knowledge and explicit
knowledge [15]. "Tacit knowledge represents the internalized knowledge that an individual may not be
consciously aware of, such as how he or she accomplishes particular tasks" with unexplainable know-
how. "Explicit knowledge represents the knowledge that the individual holds consciously in mental focus, in
a form that's easily communicated to others." [15]. When tacit knowledge is extracted to become explicit
knowledge, explicit knowledge is re-internalized into the tacit knowledge. Based on the iterative nature of
knowledge, there can be a continual evolution of knowledge through socialization, externalization,
combination, and internalization. By understanding the process of how data and information is stored,
related, and integrated (data layers) and how people will want to access and utilize the information
(information and knowledge layers), the steps in addressing the technology needs of a knowledge creation
in the ICT environment are clarified.

Knowledge platform for complex systems
To solve the human genome and complex systems, a large number of interacting processes are needed
among all the components. Moreover, the activity of individual components are non-linear. The sciences of
complexity systems such as the earth's global climate, human brain, and social organization are necessarily
based on interdisciplinary researches. Almost all interesting processes in nature are highly cross linked. Many
systems which interact non-linearly to form compound structures or functions require more explanatory
devices to explain the building blocks. This process for new, complementary, modes of description is known
as hierarchical self-organizing systems that are defined as complex. The complex system is comprised of a
large number of strongly interacting entities, processes, or agents, which requires understanding new
scientific tools and non-linear models without equilibrium descriptions. In addition, to solve the human
genome, a lot of networking environments are needed: 1) the gene networks that direct developmental
processes; 2) immune networks that preserve the identity of organisms and social insect colonies; 3) neural

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