Digital Public Infrastructure

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Digital Public Infrastructure

Digital public infrastructure (DPI) is revolutionizing societies and starting to reshape our cities. Cities are becoming more interconnected and efficient due to the rapid advancement of DPI systems. DPI can be utilized to enhance service delivery, improve access to essential resources, and support evidence-based policy decisions. This page provides the latest insights and resources on how cities, governments, and industries are leveraging the potential of digital public infrastructure.

If you would like to share your latest report with us to be included in the Digital Transformation Resource Hub, please contact us at digitaltransformation@itu.int.

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Publications

General

2025

Smart digital systems for better safety and health at work – EU

The impact of digital infrastructure on air quality: Mediating role of public environmental attention and industrial development – Elsevier

Digital Public Infrastructure: a framework for conceptualisation and measurement – UCL

Regulatory Sandboxes for Digital Health – World Bank Group

2024

The Human and Economic Impact of Digital Public Infrastructure – UNDP

Digital public infrastructure and public value: What is ‘public’ about DPI? – UCL

How digital public infrastructure supports empowerment, inclusion, and resilience – World Bank

Identification for Development (ID4D) and Digitalizing G2P Payments (G2Px) 2023 Annual Report – World Bank

Digital Public Infrastructure for an Equitable Recovery – Rockefeller Foundation & Co-Develop

Digital Public Infrastructure Factsheet – USAID

What is Digital Public Infrastructure? – Co-Develop

Digital Public Infrastructure Evidence Compendium 2024 – Co-Develop

Unpacking the Concept of Digital Public Infrastructure and Its Importance for Global Development – CSIS

GovStack Definitions: Understanding t Relationship between Digital Public Infrastructure, Building Blocks & Digital Public Goods – GovStack

Explainer: What is digital public infrastructure? – Digital global

What Is Good Digital Public Infrastructure? – Digital Impact Alliance

Digital public infrastructure can drive a sustainable increase in revenue collection and build trust in government – IMF

The Case for Investing Digital Public Infrastructure – Harvard Business Review

2025

Public Key Infrastructure: Implementing High-Trust Electronic Signatures – World Bank Group

2024

Public Sector Savings and Revenue from Identification Systems: Opportunities and Constraints – World Bank

ID4D Practitioner’s Guide – World Bank

Principles on identification for sustainable development – World Bank

Using Biometrics To Deliver Cash Payments To Women: Early Results From An Impact Evaluation In Pakistan – World Bank

UNDP Model Governance Framework For Digital Legal Identity Systems – UNDP

Digital Identity

Digital Payment

2025

Tokenisation of assets and distributed ledger technologies in financial markets – OECD

2024

The impacts of digital financial services on women’s economic empowerment – Bill & Melinda Gates

Next Generation G2P Payments : Building Blocks of a Modern G2P Architecture – World Bank

UN Principles for Responsible Digital Payments – Better Than Cash Alliance

Igniting SDG Progress Through Digital Financial Inclusion – Better Than Cash Alliance

Latin American Economies Poised to Reap Economic Benefits of Real-Time Payments as Adoption Gathers Pace – ACI Worldwide

The Global Findex Database 2021: Financial Inclusion, Digital Payments, and Resilience in the Age of COVID-19 – World Bank

2025

A concept of a decentral server infrastructure to connect farms, secure data, and increase the resilience of digital farming – Elsevier

2024

Open Data for Smart City and Urban Development – Open Data for Development

Open data is a game changer for cities worldwide — here’s how to use it best – World Economic Forum

Data and API requirements for centralized smart city platforms – U4SSC

Redefining smart city platforms: Setting the stage for Minimal Interoperability Mechanisms A U4SSC deliverable on city platforms – U4SSC

Data Exchange

Policy, Governance & Strategy

2024

The Universal Digital Public Infrastructure Safeguards Framework – UN

Digital public infrastructure for digital governments – OECD

Assessing the effect of urban digital infrastructure on green innovation: mechanism identification and spatial-temporal characteristics – Nature

Building & Securing Digital Public Infrastructure – A playbook for local and regional governments – UN-Habitat

DPI Tech Architecture Principles – Centre for Digital Public Infrastructure

Roadmap for Digital Cooperation – UN

G20 Policy Recommendations for Advancing Financial Inclusion and Productivity Gains through Digital Public Infrastructure – World Bank

Rapid Deployments Using Shared Infrastructure – Co-Develop

The OECD digital government policy framework: Six dimensions of a digital government. OECD Public Governance – OECD

G20 Framework For Systems Of Digital Public Infrastructure – G20

2024

UK digital identity and attributes trust framework – GOV.UK – UK

European Digital Identity Framework – EU

European Interoperability Framework – EU

Aligning Internal Data Capabilities with External Research Partnerships – Cape Town

City of San Antonio Principles of Data-Informed Government – San Antonio

Data tracker – Estonia

Ethical Digital Standards – Barcelona

Consumer Data Right – Australia

Portland Urban Data Lake – United States & Portland Bureau of Transportation

My Digital Data Locker – United States & Baltimore

X-Road – Estonia & World

API Setu – India

Digital Platform Government Hub – South Korea

APEX Cloud – Singapore

T-Road – Taiwan

Unified Digital Platform GovTech – Russia

Australian Government Digital ID System (AGDIS) – Australia

Digital Identity Wallet – EU

State of Adhaar 2019 Report – India & Dalberg

Identity Verification Standards In Welfare Programs: Experimental Evidence From India – India

Does the Use of Biometric Digital Identity Make Welfare Programs Counter Cyclical? – India

TrustedWeb – Japan

Maisha Namba/ National Integrated Identity Management System – Kenya

Unique Population Registration Code (CURP)/ Cédula Única de Identidad Digital – Mexico

DigID – Netherlands

NIN – Nigeria

People’s Perspectives on ID and Civil Registration in Rwanda – Rwanda

Singpass – Singapore

Chased Away and Left to Die – How a National Security Approach to Uganda’s National Digital ID Has Led to Wholesale Exclusion of Women and Older Persons – Uganda

How the City of Austin is Combatting Homelessness with Decentralized Digital Identity – United States & Austin & Blockchain for Social Impact Coalition

AVADAR (Auto-Visual AFP Detection And Reporting) – Africa (multiple countries)

e-Health record – Estonia

e-Ambulance – e-Estonia – Estonia

EU Digital Covid Certificate – EU

Co-Win – India

eSanjeevani – India

ABDM (Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission) – India

Kano Connect – Nigeria

Novissi – Togo

Inclusive Finance India Report 2023 – India

OCEN (Open Credit Enablement Network) – India

Fintech For The Poor: Do Technological Failures Deter Financial Inclusion ? – Inida

Can Cashless Payments Spur Economic Growth? – India

Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger – Niger

The design of digital financial infrastructure: lessons from India – India&BIS

TIPS – Eurozone

Pan-African Payment & Settlement System (PAPSS) – Africa

GIMACPAY – Central Africa

Promptpay – ASEAN & Thailand

Internet Banking Payment System (IBPS) – China

Brazil’s Successful Instant Payment System – Brazil & IMF: Pix

UPI – India

MPesa – Kenya

Raast – Pakistan

InstaPay – Philippines

Intelligent transport infrastructure – Estonia

Smart freight transportation – e-Estonia – Estonia

LoMIS – Nigeria

Mizan 2 – Palestine

School management systems – Estonia

DIKSHA – India

Applications & Use Cases