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ITU-T G.718 (06/2008)
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ITU-T G.718 (06/2008)
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8-32 kbit/s语音和音频的帧错误顽健窄带和宽带嵌入式可变比特率编码
ITU-T G.718建议书描述了8-32 kbit/s的误帧稳健窄带(NB)和宽带(WB)嵌入式语音和音频可变比特率编码算法。该编解码器提供了较低比特率上的先进窄带语音质量及完整比特率范围内先进宽带话音质量。此外,ITU-T G.718编解码器旨在对帧擦除高度强健,由此在用于固定、无线和移动网络的IP传输应用时提高话音的质量。尽管其嵌入的属性,但该编解码器与窄带和宽带一般音频信号也配合良好。该编解码器具有嵌入式可升级架构,可在通过现今的IP网络或未来的媒体感知网络传输话音分组时实现最大的灵活性。此外,ITU-T G.718建议书的嵌入式架构将可轻易允许扩展编解码器,通过目前正在开发的额外层提供超宽带和立体声能力。比特流可在解码器段删简,或由通信系统的任意组成部分立即将比特率调整至所要的数值,而无需带外信令。编码器产生在五层中形成结构的嵌入比特流,这五层与8、12、16、24和3232 kbit/s等五个可用的比特率相对应。ITU-T G.718编码器可接受在16 kHz采样的宽带信号或者在16或8 kHz上采样的窄带信号。类似地,除16或8 kHz的窄带外,解码器输出可以是16 kHz的宽带,在16kHz上采样但带宽限于窄带的输入信号,由编码器检测。ITU-T G.718编解码器的输出可以8和12 kbit/s的300-3400 Hz带宽以及8-32 kbit/s的50-7000 Hz 带宽工作。高质量编解码器意味着极大的性能提高,提供8 kbit/s宽带纯净话音质量,相当于12.65 kbit/s的ITU-T G.722.2编解码器,而8 kbit/s窄带编解码器工作模式提供的纯净话音质量相当于11.8 kbit/s的ITU-T G.729E编解码器。编解码器工作在20毫秒帧上,宽带输入和宽带输出信号的最大算法时延为42.875毫秒。窄带输入和窄带输出信号的最大算法时延为43.875毫秒。当编码器和解码器最大比特率设为12 kbit/s时,编解码器也可用于低时延模式。在这种情况下,最大算法时延减少10毫秒。编解码器还包含了替代编码模式,最大比特率为12.65 kbit/s,这是可与ITU-T G.722.2建议书、3GPP AMR-WB 和3GPP2 VMR-WB移动宽带话音编码标准互操作的比特率。该选项替换了层1和层2,层3-5与默认选项类似,但层3中采用了较少的比特,以补偿12.65 kbit/s核心的多余比特。解码器可进一步解码所有其他的ITU-T G.722.2操作模式。此外,正在制定该建议书的一个新附件,此附件将高效实现与3GPP2 EVRC-WB编解码器的比特流互操作。此建议书还包含了不连续传输模式(DTX)和舒适噪声生成(CNG)算法,可在非活跃期间节省带宽。如果通信会话限于12 kbit/s,则可采用一体化的降噪算法。基础算法基于两阶段编码结构:较低的两层基于50-6400 Hz频带码激励线性预测(CELP)编码,其中核心层利用信号分类,每个帧采用优化的编码模式。较高的层采用叠加改进离散余弦变换(MDCT)变换编码将较低层的加权误差信号进行编码。采用集中技术来编码MDCT系数,以便将话音和音乐的性能最大化。勘误1 (11/2008)更正了在该建议书基础文件固定点ANSI C源代码中发现的一些小问题。修正案1 (03/2009)引入了对固定点ANSI C源代码和建议书案文的一些额外细微变更。它也描述了新增的层5未使用比特默认值的验证以及比特不具有默认值时层5擦除的程序。修正案1还引入了新的附件A,该附件定义了ITU-T G.718算法的一种替代实施。这种实施采用了拟用于实施针对浮点运算优化的DSP硬件的浮点计算。伴随的浮点ANSI C源代码可与固定点代码完全互操作。而勘误2 (08/2009)则包括了进一步的更正,以解决固定点和浮点实施中发现的一些小问题。其主要益处是简化固定点实施,可将编解码器的复杂程度从69 WMOPS降低到57 WMOPS,同时保持源代码特性化案文两个步骤的比特精确。复杂程度这一17%的降低非常重要,无疑将吸引更多人实施G.718建议书。该建议书包含了附有ANSI C源代码的电子附件,这也是此建议书的一个组成部分。此版本综合了勘误1(11/2008)、修正案1(03/2009)和勘误2(08/2009)所引入的所有变更,其中也包括更新后的相关ANSI C源代码。
Citation:
https://handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/9467
Series title:
G series: Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks
G.700-G.799: Digital terminal equipments
G.710-G.729: Coding of voice and audio signals
Approval date:
2008-06-13
Provisional name:
G.VBR-EV
Approval process:
AAP
Status:
In force
Observation:
The published version includes Corrigendum 1 (11/2008), Amendment 1 (03/2009) and Corrigendum 2 (08/2009) that were never published separately.
Maintenance responsibility:
ITU-T Study Group 21
Further details:
Patent statement(s)
Development history
Associated test signals
Editions
Related Supplement(s)
Related technical papers and reports
Ed.
ITU-T Recommendation
Status
Summary
Table of Contents
Download
1.6
G.718 (2008) Amd. 3 (03/2013)
In force
here
-
here
1.5
G.718 (2008) Cor. 3 (01/2011)
In force
here
here
here
1.4
G.718 (2008) Amd. 2 (03/2010)
In force
here
-
here
1.3
G.718 (2008) Cor. 2 (08/2009)
In force
here
here
here
1.2
G.718 (2008) Amd. 1 (03/2009)
In force
here
here
here
1.1
G.718 (2008) Cor. 1 (11/2008)
In force
here
here
here
1
G.718 (06/2008)
In force
here
here
here
ITU-T Supplement
Title
Status
Summary
Table of contents
Download
G Suppl. 4 (12/1972)
Certain methods of avoiding the transmission of excessive noise between interconnected systems
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 5 (10/1984)
Measurement of the load of telephone circuits under field conditions
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 7 (12/1972)
Loss-frequency response of channel-translating equipment used in some countries for international circuits
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 8 (12/1972)
Method proposed by the Belgian telephone administration for interconnection between coaxial and symmetric pair systems
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 17 (10/1984)
Group-delay distortion performance of terminal equipment
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 19 (10/1984)
Digital crosstalk measurement (method used by the Administrations of France, the Netherlands and Spain)
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 22 (10/1984)
Mathematical models of multiplex signals
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 26 (10/1984)
Estimating the signal load margin of FDM wideband amplifier equipment and transmission systems
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 27 (10/1984)
Interference from external sources
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 28 (10/1984)
Application of transmultiplexers, FDM codecs, data-in-voice (DIV) systems and data-over-voice (DOV) systems during the transition from an analogue to a digital network
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 32 (11/1988)
Transfer of alarm information on 60-channel transmultiplexing equipment
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 34 (11/1988)
Temperature in underground containers for the installation of repeaters
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 35 (11/1988)
Guidelines concerning the measurement of wander
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 36 (11/1988)
Jitter and wander accumulation in digital networks
In force
-
-
here
G Suppl. 39 (03/2025)
Optical system design and engineering considerations
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 40 (07/2024)
Optical fibre and cable Recommendations and standards guideline
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 41 (07/2024)
Design guidelines for optical fibre submarine cable systems
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 42 (10/2018)
Guide on the use of the ITU-T Recommendations related to optical fibres and systems technology
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 43 (02/2011)
Transport of IEEE 10GBASE-R in optical transport networks (OTN)
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 44 (06/2007)
Test plan to verify B-PON interoperability
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 45 (09/2022)
Power conservation in optical access systems
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 46 (05/2009)
G-PON interoperability test plan between optical line terminations and optical network units
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 47 (03/2025)
General aspects of optical fibres and cables
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 48 (06/2010)
10-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks: Interface between media access control with serializer/deserializer and physical medium dependent sublayers
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 49 (09/2020)
Rogue optical network unit (ONU) considerations
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 50 (09/2011)
Overview of digital subscriber line Recommendations
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 51 (06/2017)
Passive optical network protection considerations
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 52 (09/2012)
Ethernet ring protection switching
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 53 (12/2014)
Guidance for Ethernet OAM performance monitoring
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 54 (07/2015)
Ethernet linear protection switching
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 55 (12/2023)
Radio-over-fibre (RoF) technologies and their applications
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 56 (02/2016)
OTN transport of CPRI signals
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 57 (07/2015)
Smart home profiles for 6LoWPAN devices
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 58 (07/2024)
Optical transport network module framer interfaces
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 59 (02/2018)
Guidance on optical fibre and cable reliability
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 60 (09/2016)
Ethernet linear protection switching with dual node interconnection
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 62 (02/2018)
Gfast certification
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 64 (02/2018)
PON transmission technologies above 10 Gb/s per wavelength
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 65 (10/2018)
Simulations of transport of time over packet networks
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 66 (09/2020)
5G wireless fronthaul requirements in a passive optical network context
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 67 (07/2019)
Application of optical transport network Recommendations to 5G transport
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 68 (12/2023)
Synchronization operations, administration and maintenance requirements
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 69 (09/2020)
Migration of a pre-standard network to a metro transport network
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 70 (09/2020)
Supplement on sub 1 Gbit/s services transport over optical transport network
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 71 (12/2023)
Optical line termination capabilities for supporting cooperative dynamic bandwidth assignment
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 72 (03/2025)
Modelling consideration for optical media networks
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 73 (10/2021)
Influencing factors on quality of experience for multiview video (MVV) services
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 74 (12/2021)
Network slicing in a passive optical network context
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 75 (12/2021)
5G small cell backhaul/midhaul over TDM-PON
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 76 (12/2021)
Optical transport network security
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 77 (06/2022)
Supplement 77 to ITU-T G-series of Recommendations - Influencing factors on quality of experience (QoE) for video customized alerting tone (CAT) and video customized ringing signal (CRS) services
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 78 (09/2022)
Use case and requirements of fibre-to-the-room for small business applications
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 79 (12/2023)
Latency control and deterministic capability over a PON system
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 80 (07/2024)
Use case and requirements of fibre-based in-premises networking for home application (FIP4H)
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 81 (07/2024)
Practical aspects of PON security
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 82 (07/2024)
Enhanced optical line termination with information technology functions
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 83 (07/2024)
Supplement on the use of options in the precision time protocol profile with full timing support from the network
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 84 (03/2025)
Operational aspects of optical access
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 85 (03/2025)
FgODU over point-to-multipoint networks
In force
here
-
here
G Suppl. 86 (03/2025)
Fibre to the power grid (FTTGrid) use cases and network requirements
In force
here
here
here
G Suppl. 87 (03/2025)
Standardization framework for optical fibres for space division multiplexing
In force
here
here
here
Title
Approved on
Download
Roadmap for QoS and QoE in the ITU-T Study Group 12 context (TR-RQ)
2023
here
Considerations on the use of GNSS as a primary time reference in telecommunications
2020
here
Use of G.hn in industrial applications
2020
here
Practical procedures for subjective testing
2011
here
Performance of ITU-T G.718
2010
here
Selection Test Results for G.718 Baseline and Qualification Phase Test Results for G.729.1
2010
here
ISDN field trial guidelines
1991
here
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