Angola’s integration of digital technologies in weather and climate monitoring, forecasting, and early warning actions shows how effective monitoring can have a widespread impactThe National Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics (INAMET) Modernization Project has transformed Angola’s weather forecasting and climate monitoring capabilities. By expanding the national observation network and implementing a cutting-edge integrated information system, the project has enhanced the accuracy of forecasts, improved early warning systems, and strengthened service quality for various sectors. Automatic weather stations were installed across the country to provide real-time data, which feeds into a modern system designed to collect, process, and archive meteorological information. This system integrates data from hundreds of sources, enabling semi-automated weather production tailored to support decision-making for civil aviation, flood monitoring, and climate change prediction.

The project utilizes high-resolution forecasting models powered by a supercomputer, incorporating data from a vast network of observation systems, sensors, detection tools, and over 27 satellite products covering 250 000 km². As a result, INAMET has developed over 79 meteorological products, including precipitation anomaly monitoring, malaria risk forecasts based on climatic conditions, rainy season onset predictions, and 10-day precipitation probabilities. These products are designed to serve multiple sectors and improve public access to weather information.

While the first phase of the modernization project has been completed, the next phase, called the ANGoMET project, is set to build upon this success. It will focus on completing foundational systems and introducing innovative weather warning and forecasting tools with high societal value for Angola. This evolution highlights the commitment to advancing Angola’s meteorological services and supporting weather-sensitive industries and communities.

Angola’s latest NDC, with targets set for 2035, highlights the continued prioritization of digital technologies for weather and climate monitoring, forecasting, and early warning systems. This emphasis reflects the country’s commitment to addressing climate challenges by leveraging data and monitoring systems. Some of its new use cases include the increase of meteorological and hydrometric stations to enhance rainfall and watershed monitoring, the establishment of a robust water quality monitoring system, and the implementation of an advanced early warning system to bolster public health contingency plans in response to extreme weather events.

This use case is based on the submission of the Ministério das Telecomunicaçôes, Tecnologias de lnformaçâo
e Comunicâção social of Angola

Brazil’s climate action strategy and its latest NDC targets are a good example of integrated approaches for linking the climate and digital transitions “for a vision of the future”.

By leveraging ongoing digital initiatives, Brazil aims to accelerate the development and dissemination of green and climate-friendly technologies across all economic sectors, underscoring the vital need for digital solutions to meet its climate targets. This integrated strategy demonstrates Brazil’s commitment to harnessing technology to address environmental challenges while promoting transparency, efficiency, and resilience.

A key focus of Brazil’s strategy is the digitalization of land-use planning and inventories, supported by Digital Public Infrastructures (DPIs) and Digital Public Goods (DPGs). These tools enhance transparency in the management of land resources, particularly in conservation units and indigenous territories. The Brazilian Sustainable Taxonomy (TSB) further complements these efforts by tracking and verifying sustainability initiatives through robust data and information systems, ensuring that resources are allocated efficiently and effectively to meet sustainability goals. Additionally, satellite monitoring systems play a critical role in controlling deforestation and forest degradation, tackling one of the most significant contributors to Brazil’s GHG emissions resulting from land-use changes.

Beyond the NDC framework, Brazil’s Artificial Intelligence Plan 2024–2028 supports the country’s ecological and low-carbon transition strategy by fostering resilience and sustainable development.

One flagship connectivity initiative, “Norte Conectado”, exemplifies Brazil’s innovative approach to expanding digital infrastructure while minimizing environmental impacts. Funded through resources from Brazil’s 5G spectrum auction, the project is deploying 12,000 km of optical fiber along riverbeds in the Amazon, bringing connectivity to remote riverside communities without the environmental disruption typically caused by conventional infrastructure development.

Another notable project is “Defesa Civil Alerta”, a next-generation emergency communications system designed to protect citizens in the face of increasing extreme weather events, such as landslides and floods. Using mobile networks and Cell Broadcast technology, the system delivers targeted alerts to individuals at risk, showcasing how tech-driven climate adaptation measures can save lives. The initiative is expected to achieve nationwide coverage by the end of 2025, further strengthening Brazil’s capacity to respond to climate-related emergencies.

This use case is based on the submission by the National Telecommunications Agency (ANATEL) of Brazil

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is leveraging the digital transformation of its energy and water sector as a core instrument for advancing its 2030 NDC commitments by enhancing efficiency and lowering emissions from existing assets.
The KSA’s updated climate pledge, or NDC, commits to an economy-wide annual reduction of 278 MtCO₂e by 2030 under the Circular Carbon Economy framework.

As a leading national developer and operator of power and water assets, ACWA Power plays a central role in aligning infrastructure performance with the Kingdom’s climate goals. Within this context, the Monitoring & Prognostics Center (MPC) at ACWA Power was created to address the limitations of manual monitoring and reactive maintenance across a geographically distributed portfolio.

It is designed to be flexible, working with various tools and models without being locked into a single vendor.

Since 2017, MPC has delivered verified efficiency improvements and CO₂ reductions. By optimizing heat rate in combined-cycle fleet that lower fuel consumption and carbon-dioxide (CO2 ) intensity, an annual CO2 emission reduction of 7.71 tons per megawatt (tCO₂/ MW) was achieved. While lowering energy intensity in desalination per cubic meter of water led to a reduction of 19.71 tCO₂ per million litress per day (tCO₂/MLD). Raising wind renewable energy availability demonstrated a much higher reduction of 33.94 tCO₂/MW and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems also contributed to emissions reductions, achieving 8.48 tCO₂ per megawatt (tCO₂/MW). Similarly, other avoided emissions arise from prevented outages and reliability events. By 2030, MPC is projected to reach 588,717 yearly CO2 emissions reduction (tCO₂) through these proven digital interventions.

This use case is based on the submission NDC prepared under guidance of Saudi Arabia’s Communications, Space and Technology Commission (CST) with technical contributions from ACWA Power, whose Monitoring & Prognostics Center (MPC) provided the case study underpinning the submission.

The use of remote sensing and community-based monitoring are helping the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) meet ambitious NDC targets for coastal resilience.

RMI is leveraging digital innovation to adapt to severe challenges posed by climate change. Crucially, it is also setting valuable precedents and demonstrating resilience solutions for other vulnerable nations.

As a low-lying island nation in the Pacific Ocean, RMI faces an existential threat from climate change, particularly with rising sea levels and increasingly severe weather events. Against this backdrop, RMI has prioritized the adoption of geospatial mapping technologies, climate modelling software, and satellite data to monitor environmental changes and inform policy decisions.

These tools enable precise tracking of coastal erosion, flooding patterns, and temperature shifts, allowing for proactive planning and targeted infrastructure development. Digital platforms have also empowered local communities by enhancing communication and education around climate resilience. Furthermore, the integration of blockchain technology for climate finance transparency has strengthened trust and accountability in international aid and carbon credit initiatives.

RMI is leading the charge in climate resilience through groundbreaking remote sensing and ocean monitoring initiatives. The country’s deployment of satellite-based remote sensing technologies and buoy networks has enabled the tracking of critical indicators like sea-level rise, ocean acidification, and coastal erosion. Projects like the Marshall Islands Coral Reef Atlas harness geospatial tools to monitor marine ecosystems, directly supporting the country’s NDC targets on biodiversity and coastal resilience.

Moreover, RMI has utilized advanced Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology to model coastal inundation impacts, visualizing the consequences of sea-level rise on livelihoods and developing strategies to protect its vulnerable communities. These efforts are complemented by enhanced multi-hazard early warning systems, which use digital communication technologies like SMS alerts and radio broadcasts to prepare citizens for climate-linked disasters, including storms and king tides. Plans are underway to integrate climate data into centralized e-government platforms, ensuring transparency in tracking NDC progress through tools such as Open NDC.

Together, these initiatives show the Marshall Islands’ innovative use of technology to safeguard its people, ecosystems, and future against the mounting challenges of climate change.

This use case is based on the submission by the Ministry of Transportation, Communications & Information Technology of the Republic of the Marshall Islands.