Beyond International Aid: Investing in Community Connectivity and Making it Self-Sustainable


Association for Progressive Communications

Session 338

Thursday, 10 July 2025 15:00–15:45 (UTC+02:00) Physical (on-site) and Virtual (remote) participation Room L, Palexpo Interactive Session 1 Document

Large and persistent digital divides continue to underscore the difficulties of achieving the goal of universal access. It has increasingly been recognized in many internet governance fora, including the WSIS and UN CSTD, that community connectivity initiatives play a role in closing the gap. Most recently, the Global Digital Compact, adopted by the United Nations, included the commitment to invest in local networks as a way to address persistent digital exclusion. However, creating financing mechanisms to address the needs of these types of initiatives has been a challenge dating back to WSIS, and little progress has been made to date. 

Part of the problem has resulted from reliance on traditional telecommunication operators to close the digital divide, which in turn is reflected in policy and regulatory frameworks designed for their national scale and centralised ways of operating. Similarly, most financial instruments available are designed for these large operators and their multimillion-dollar telecommunication infrastructure projects. Developing new strategies that can close the digital divide by addressing the gaps where these operators cannot meet their return on investment targets, requires exploring innovative financial solutions that can be made available to community connectivity and other local initiatives. 

This session will present and discuss how community connectivity initiatives, as contributors to the social and solidarity economy, could be recipients of blended and impact finance, and other innovative financial mechanisms that multilateral funds, national development banks, and regulators could make available to close the digital divide.

Panellists
Mr. Mike Jensen
Mr. Mike Jensen Internet Specialist Association for Progressive Communications (South Africa)

Mike Jensen is a specialist in the deployment of digital infrastructure in developing countries at the Association for Progressive Communications. After growing up in South Africa, Mike did his post graduate research in Canada where he co-founded The Web, Canada's first non-profit Internet provider for environmental and social justice organisations. With the end of Apartheid, Mike moved back to South Africa where, with support from development agencies, he helped many organisations across Africa gain access to the internet for the first time. In recognition of Mike’s contributions to the extension of the Internet, he was inducted into the Internet Society’s Internet Hall of Fame in 2017. Mike continues to work with the APC on community-led digital infrastructure.


Dr. Dawit Bekele
Dr. Dawit Bekele Regional Vice President - Africa Internet Society

Dawit Bekele is a Regional Vice President for Africa at the Internet Society. He has more than two decades of experience in Internet development in Africa and around the world. At the Internet Society, he worked at various positions to support Africa around Internet policy and technology. Before joining the Internet Society in 2006, he worked at Addis Ababa University as an assistant professor. He also has extensive experience as a consultant for major international organizations and in the private sector. He received my undergraduate, Masters, and Ph.D. degrees from Université Paul Sabatier in France, all degrees in Computer Science. He also holds a Masters in Business Leadership from the University of South Africa.


Ms. Graziela Castello
Ms. Graziela Castello Coordinator of Sectoral Studies Cetic.br | NIC.br (Brazil)

Social Scientist and researcher with over 23 years of experience, currently Coordinator of Sectoral Studies and Qualitative Methods at the Regional Center for Studies on the Development of the Information Society (Cetic.br), a department of the Brazilian Network Information Center (NIC.br). From 2017 to 2022, she served as Managing Director of CEBRAP (Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning), where she also coordinated the Development Research Center. Her earlier roles include Senior Manager at Ipsos Public Affairs Brazil (2010–2015) and Researcher at CEBRAP (2001–2010). She was a Visiting Researcher at the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) at the University of Sussex, UK, in 2004 and 2008. In 2015, she lectured in Research Methodology for Market and Public Opinion at the postgraduate program in Marketing and Communication at Mackenzie Presbyterian University in São Paulo.


Eng. Irene Kaggwa
Eng. Irene Kaggwa ITU Giga Programme Manager International Telecommunication Union

Irene Kaggwa is the Programme Manager at the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) for Giga, a joint ITU-UNICEF initiative that seeks to connect all schools to the Internet by 2030. 

Prior to that, she worked in different roles within Uganda Communications Commission - the regulator in the communications sector in Uganda, for a period of more than 23 years. Her experience spans policy development, research, strategy, communications regulation, radio spectrum management, cyber security and implementation of the various aspects of fostering ICT and ICT enabled socio-economic development.

A registered engineer, Irene holds a Master of Science in Communications Systems and Signal Processing from the University of Bristol and a Master of Science in Economic Management and Policy (Business Economic Pathway) from the University of Strathclyde in the United Kingdom. She did a Bachelors in Electrical Engineering at Makerere University in Uganda.


Ms. Anriette Esterhuysen
Ms. Anriette Esterhuysen Senior Advisor Internet Governance African School of Internet Governance Association for Progressive Communications (South Africa) Moderator

Anriette Esterhuysen served as the chairperson of the Multistakeholder Advisory Committee of the United Nations Internet Governance Forum (IGF) 
from 2019 to 2021. She was executive director of the Association for Progressive Communications (APC) from 2000 to 2017 and continues to work with APC as Senior Advisor on Internet Governance and convenes the annual African School on Internet Governance, a project of APC, Research ICT Africa at the University of Cape Town, and the African Union Commission. She serves on the governing bodies of the IGF Support Association, Connect Humanity, Digital Empowerment Foundation, and the South African Tertiary Education Network (TENET). Anriette was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame as a Global Connecter in 2013 for her work in extending internet connectivity in Africa and received the Electronic Frontier Foundation Pioneer Award in 2015 for her work on defending and promoting human rights online.


Topics
Digital Divide Digital Economy Digital Inclusion Digital Transformation Global Digital Compact (GDC) Infrastructure WSIS+20 Review
WSIS Action Lines
  • AL C2 logo C2. Information and communication infrastructure

The 2003 Geneva Declaration expressed the commitment  to turning the existing digital divide at the time into a digital opportunity for all, particularly for those who risk being left behind and being further marginalized. For that WSIS Action Line 2 considered ICT infrastructure an essential foundation for the Information Society. This session will present and discuss innovative financing mechanisms so that ICT infrastructure can serve the needs of those who remained excluded today. 

Sustainable Development Goals
  • Goal 8 logo Goal 8: Promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all
  • Goal 9 logo Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
  • Goal 17 logo Goal 17: Revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development

This session is anchored in SDG 9: “Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation” and in particular in Target 9c “Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 2020”

Given the particular focus on financing social enterprises, it additionally links with the following targets within SDG8 and SDG17:
- 8.3 Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services
- 17.3 Mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sources
- 17.17 Encourage and promote effective public, public-private and civil society partnerships, building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships

GDC Objectives
  • Objective 1: Close all digital divides and accelerate progress across the Sustainable Development Goals
Links

Self-sustaining financing solutions for community connectivity: https://repositorio.fgv.br/server/api/core/bitstreams/0b5f539f-eb19-4cb3-8dd9-455232f7fccd/content

Financing mechanisms for locally owned internet infrastructure: https://www.apc.org/en/pubs/financing-mechanisms-locally-owned-internet-infrastructure

What changes when connectivity is centred on the community? Hear local voices in the new season of our podcast: https://www.apc.org/en/news/what-changes-when-connectivity-centred-community-hear-local-voices-new-season-our-podcast

An enabling environment for community-centred connectivity: A WSIS+20 agenda to leave no one behind: https://www.apc.org/en/pubs/enabling-environment-community-centred-connectivity-wsis20-agenda-leave-no-one-behind