Page 84 - Kaleidoscope Academic Conference Proceedings 2024
P. 84

2024 ITU Kaleidoscope Academic Conference




           The  proposed  systems  were  demonstrated  under  specific         REFERENCES
           conditions as the examples to prove the proposed concepts.
           However, they are flexible and can be applied to different   [1] GSMA Vision 2030: mmWave Spectrum Needs, Full
           use cases. Photonic technology has been used for radio signal   Report   https://www.gsma.com/spectrum/wp-
           generation and transmission. However, the use of photonic   content/uploads/2022/06/5G-mmWave-Spectrum.pdf
           technology for radio signal reception and downconversion
                                                                [2] Recommendation ITU-R M.2160-0, “Framework and
           has  not  been  widely  considered.  The  simplicity  of  signal
                                                                   overall objectives of the future development of IMT
           generation,  transmission,  and  reception  using  photonic
                                                                   for 2030 and beyond,” (11/2023).
           technology  can  enable  high-speed,  cost-effective,  and
           energy-efficient radio communications in the mmW and THz   [3] NTT Docomo white paper, “5G Evolution and 6G,”
           bands. High-speed optical modulators are key components to   Jan. 2023.
           facilitate  the  direct  conversion  of  radio  signals  to  optical
           signals. The conversion gain is an important parameter; thus,   [4] J. Sang et al., “Coverage Enhancement by Deploying
           designing a high-conversion-efficiency modulator is crucial   RIS  in  5G  Commercial  Mobile  Networks:  Field
           for  achieving  high  performance.  These  features  can  be   Trials,” IEEE Wirel. Commun., 31(1), 172 - 180, Feb.
           realized  using  thin-layer  structure  modulators  [14].   2024.
           Furthermore, high-speed optical modulators with operating
           frequencies of up to 500 GHz have been demonstrated using   [5] D.  N.P.  Thalakotuna  et  al.,  “Overcoming  5G
                                                                   Millimeter  Wave  Black  Holes,”  IEEE  Future
           an  electro-optic-polymer-based  plasmonic  modulator  [15]
                                                                   Networks Tech Focus, Volume 3, Issue 3, Nov. 2019.
           and  a  thin-film  LN  modulator  [16].  These  developments
           reveal  the  possibility  of  converting  high-frequency  THz   [6] S. Koenig et al., “High-Speed Wireless Bridge at 220
           signals  to  optical  signals.  Consequently,  the  proposed
                                                                   GHz  Connecting  Two  Fiber-Optic  Links  Each
           systems  are  rendered  feasible  even  in  higher-frequency   Spanning up to 20 km,” Proc. OFC 2012, OM2B.1.
           bands.  Regarding  the  transmission  capacity,  based  on  the
           achieved results, 100- and 50-Gb/s systems can be expected   [7] Y. Horst et al., “Transparent optical-Thz-optical link
           for fixed access and mobile coverage extension applications,   transmission over 5/115 m at 240/190 Gbit/s enabled
           respectively.  These  systems  can  be  further  optimized  to   by plasmonics,” in Proc. Opt. Fiber Commun. OFC,
           increase  their  performance  and  capacity.  Moreover,  the   San Francisco, CA, USA, 2021, pp. 1–3.
           distance of the wireless links was limited in the experiments
           because of space limitations. Due to the short wireless links,   [8] T.  McKenna  et  al.,  “Photonic  Downconverting
           the transmission power was limited to less than -25 dBm. By   Receiver  Using  Optical  Phase  Modulation,”  Proc.
           increasing the optical power to the PDs, radio signals with a   IMS2014.
           power  of  -5  dBm  can  be  generated.  The  distance  of  the   [9] P. T. Dat et al., “Transparent Fiber-Millimeter-Wave-
           wireless links can be extended to hundreds of meters using a
                                                                   Fiber  System  in  100-GHz  Band  Using  Optical
           power amplifier and high-gain antennas.
                                                                   Modulator and Photonic Down-Conversion,” J. Light.
                                                                   Technol., 40(5), pp. 1483–1493, Mar. 2022.
           The technologies presented in this paper can be important
           topics for standardization in the ITU and other organizations.   [10] A.  Kanno  et  al.,  “Multigigabit  Relay  Link  Using
           Currently,  ITU-R  is  developing  a  framework  for  IMT   Millimeter-Wave  Radio-Over-Fiber  Technologies,”
           towards 2030 and beyond, in which IMT-2030 is expected to   IEEE Photonics J., 5(6), 7902909, Dec. 2013.
           support  an  enriched  immersive  experience,  enhanced
           ubiquitous  coverage,  and  new  usage  scenarios.  Radio   [11] P. T. Dat et al., “Terahertz Signal Transparent Relay
           communications in the mmW and THz bands are considered   and Switching Using Photonic Technology,” J. Light.
           key technologies for attaining the targets of IMT-2030. A   Technol. 42(3), pp. 1173-1182, Feb. 2024.
           report on the technical feasibility of IMT in bands above 100
                                                                [12] H. Mahmoud et al., “Error Vector Magnitude to SNR
           GHz  is  being  studied  by  the  ITU-R.  The  presented
           technologies  in  this  paper  can  be  technical  inputs  for   Conversion  for  Nondata-Aided  Receivers,”  IEEE
                                                                   Trans. Wirel. Commun., 8(5), May 2009.
           consideration, and the achieved results can provide valuable
           evidence for the feasibility study of radio communications
                                                                [13] 3GPP TR 38.834.
           above 100 GHz. In addition, Study Group 15 of ITU-T is
           studying key optical transport systems for home and access   [14] Y. Yamaguchi et al., “Advanced Optical Modulators
           networks,  including  RoF  systems.  Consequently,  the   for Sub-THz-to-Optical Signal Conversion,” IEEE J.
           presented  technologies  can  be  topics  for  further  study  as   Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., 29(5), Sept.-Oct. 2023.
           potential transport solutions and use cases for future fixed
           and mobile access networks.                          [15] M. Burla et al., “500 GHz plasmonic Mach-Zehnder
                                                                   modulator enabling sub-THz microwave photonics,”
                                                                   APL Photon., vol. 4, no. 5, 056106, May 2019.
                        ACKNOWLEGEMENT
                                                                [16] A.  J.  Mercante  et  al.,  “Thin  film  lithium  niobate
           This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI under
                                                                   electro-optic  modulator  with  terahertz  operating
           Grant  22K04116  and  by  JST  SICORP  Grant  Number
           JPMJSC22E1.                                             bandwidth,” Opt. Express, 26(11), 14819, May 2018.



                                                           – 40 –
   79   80   81   82   83   84   85   86   87   88   89