Page 86 - Kaleidoscope Academic Conference Proceedings 2024

2024 ITU Kaleidoscope Academic Conference

Table 1 – Comparative Analysis with Standardization Efforts the full potential of 6G V2X, leading to a new era of
comprehensive V2X applications that ensure safer, more
Feature Description efficient, and connected mobility. This transformative
Dynamic Contrary to the methods technology heralds an era of intelligent and collaborative
Spectrum Sharing referenced in [2, 5], our vehicular communication.
approaches utilize dynamic
spectrum sharing for adaptive
and efficient resource utilization, 4. NOVEL APPROACHES IN 6G SIDELINK V2X
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
potentially reducing interference
significantly.
Machine Incorporating machine learning 4.1 Current State of 6G Standards
Learning-based for resource allocation allows
Optimization our methodologies to surpass the The development of 6G standards is guided by the need
static methods discussed in [3, 6], to address the evolving requirements of Sidelink V2X
predicting and adapting to traffic communication. Standardization bodies such as the
conditions in real-time. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the 3rd
Adaptive Our strategies for adaptive Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) are actively working
Resource resource management introduce towards defining the specifications for 6G networks, with a
Management flexibility not fully explored in focus on enabling ultra-reliable, low-latency communication
[4, 8], better accommodating the for connected vehicles. The principles of 6G standards
variable demands in high-density emphasize flexibility, scalability, and interoperability to
environments. support the diverse needs of Sidelink V2X applications.
Integration with By aligning with upcoming
6G Technologies 6G technologies, our research
4.2 Contextual Background
incorporates advancements
like Massive MIMO and
beamforming, which are not In response to the challenges of Sidelink V2X
extensively covered in [7, 9], communication, novel approaches are being developed
promising higher efficiency and to optimize spectrum utilization, enhance reliability,
performance. and improve efficiency. Dynamic spectrum sharing
techniques enable V2X devices to opportunistically access
3. EVOLUTION OF V2X COMMUNICATIONS: unused spectrum bands, maximizing spectral efficiency
FROM 4G TO 6G V2X SIDELINK while minimizing interference. Machine learning-based
optimization algorithms can adaptively allocate resources
3.1 C-V2X Evolution and Sidelink Standardization based on real-time traffic patterns and environmental
conditions, optimizing network performance and QoS.
The progression of V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)
Additionally, adaptive resource management strategies allow
communications, especially in the sidelink segment,
Sidelink V2X networks to dynamically adjust resource
has advanced significantly from 4G to the expected
allocation parameters to meet changing demand and traffic
capabilities of 6G V2X Sidelink technology.
conditions. As highlighted in our literature review, the
Table 2 provides an overview of the standardization evolution from LTE to 5G and towards 6G standards is marked
milestones for V2X sidelink technology, detailing its by increased demand for more efficient resource management,
transition from LTE-V2X in releases 14 and 15 to 5G-V2X particularly in sidelink vehicular communications. These
in releases 16, 17, and 18. These advancements enhance communications require standards that can dynamically adapt
V2X applications by offering lower latency, higher reliability, to high-density environments typical of urban vehicular
and improved capabilities, paving the way for connected and networks. Our novel approaches aim to enhance these
autonomous vehicles. capabilities significantly.
V2X communications started with 4G technology, which
enabled basic safety features such as collision warnings. The
4.3 Mathematical Formulations and Novel Approaches
introduction of 5G V2X brought significant improvements in
for Sidelink V2X Communication
safety and connectivity, facilitating cooperative autonomous
driving. Looking ahead, 6G V2X promises groundbreaking
enhancements like Massive MIMO for higher efficiency 4.3.1 Enhanced Dynamic Spectrum Sharing
and precise beamforming, which will boost overall network
performance. The integration of Joint Communication and We propose an enhanced dynamic spectrum sharing model,
Sensing in 6G V2X will combine sensing, localization, considering the need for more effective spectrum utilization
and communication, enhancing situational awareness and as indicated in [2, 5]. This model is particularly designed for
real-time control for autonomous vehicles. Continued sidelink V2X communications, where the spectrum demand
research and standardization efforts are essential to realize varies significantly with traffic conditions and vehicle density.

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