Regulatory perspectives for satellite communications to connect underserved communities

In an era where traditional terrestrial infrastructure faces prohibitive deployment costs in isolated regions, satellite connectivity can offer an alternative for digital inclusion. The recent advancements in satellite communications, including high-throughput satellites (HTS), low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations, and software-defined satellites, have greatly improved capacity, reduced latency, and lowered costs, making satellite solutions increasingly viable for bridging connectivity gaps.

This report examines satellite telecommunications policy practices in five key countries (Brazil, Indonesia, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa), aiming to understand how satellite technology has been used to reduce connectivity disparities. These countries have adopted a range of measures to address the challenge of universal digital connectivity through satellite technologies, reflecting different stages of market development and regulatory maturity. The report draws on detailed case studies, providing good practices and lessons learnt, and offering practical insights for policymakers seeking to include satellite technology as a universal digital access strategy. The report also provides a checklist, aimed at government agencies, which includes a structured framework for the use of satellite connectivity for underserved areas.