Page 197 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies – Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

ȏʹ͵Ȑ Ǥ Š‡ǡ Ǥ ‹ǡ Ǥ Šƒǡ Ǥ ˆ•Šƒ‰ǡ ƒ† Ǥ ‘œƒˆǦ ȏ͵͵Ȑ Ǥ ƒŽ‹ǡ Ǥ ‘•‡ ƒǡ Ǥ ‡”ǡ Ǥ ƒ•‹Ž˜ƒǡ ƒ† Ǥ —•Ǧ
ˆƒ”‹Ǥ Dzͷ ‹”Ǧ–‘Ǧ ”‘—† ‡–™‘” ‡•‹‰ ƒ† ’Ǧ ’ƒ”‹ Ǥ Dz ǣ ‡‰”‡••‹‘ ƒ† ‡‡’ Ǧ ‡ƒ”‹‰
–‹‹œƒ–‹‘ǣ ‡‡’ ‡ƒ”‹‰ ’’”‘ƒ ŠdzǤ ǣ ”‘ Ǥ ˆ‘” –‡ŽŽ‹‰‡– ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ” •‡” –‘ ƒ•‡ –ƒ–‹‘ •Ǧ
‡ŠǤ ‡ Š‘ŽǤ ‘ˆǤ ȋ ͸Ͷ͸ͷǦ ’”‹‰ȌǤ ʹͲʹͳǡ •‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘dzǤ ǣ ” ‹˜ ƒ„•ȀʹͲͳͲǤͲͳͳʹ͸ ȋʹͲʹͲȌǤ
’’Ǥ ͳȂ͸Ǥ ĉĔĎǣ Ry X RRyN f oh*kykR @ aT`BM;8Rked X ȏ͵ͶȐ Ǥ Š‡ǡ Ǥ ‹ǡ Ǥ Š—ƒ‰ǡ Ǥ ƒ‰ǡ Ǥ ‹ƒ‘ǡ ƒ† Ǥ ƒǤ
kykRXN9933dNǤ Dz ‡ƒ ‹‡Ž† ‡‡’ ‡‹ˆ‘” ‡‡– ‡ƒ”‹‰ ˆ‘” ƒ‹”
ȏʹͶȐ Ǥ Ǥ ‘Ž†„‡”‰Ǥ ‡‡–‹ Ž‰‘”‹–Š• ‹ ‡ƒ” Šǡ ’–‹Ǧ ƒ† ˆϐ‹ ‹‡– ‘–”‘ŽdzǤ ǣ –‡”‡– Š‹‰•
‹œƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ƒ Š‹‡ ‡ƒ”‹‰Ǥ ͳ•–Ǥ ǣ ††‹•‘Ǧ Ǥ ȋʹͲʹͲȌǡ ’’Ǥ ͳȂͳǤ
‡•Ž‡› ‘‰ƒ —„Ž‹•Š‹‰ ‘Ǥǡ  Ǥǡ ͳͻͺͻǤ ĎĘćēǣ
ͲʹͲͳͳͷ͹͸͹ͷǤ ȏ͵ͷȐ Ǥ ‡‹ ƒ† Ǥ Šƒ‰Ǥ Dz ’Ž‹ ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ –‡”Ǧ
ȏʹͷȐ ‘Šƒƒ† ‘œƒˆˆƒ”‹ǡ ƒŽ‹† ƒƒ†ǡ ‡Š†‹ ‡‹•ǡ ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ƒ ‡ŽŽƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ”Ǧ ‘‡ –‡† ǣ
—ƒ–‹œ‡Ǧƒ†Ǧ ‘”™ƒ”† ’’”‘ƒ ŠdzǤ ǣ ‹”‡Ǧ
‘—‰Ǧ ƒ ƒǡ ƒ† ‡ƴ”‘—ƒ‡ ‡„„ƒŠǤ Dz —–‘Ǧ Ž‡•• ‘—Ǥ ‡––Ǥ ͻǤͻ ȋʹͲʹͲȌǡ ’’Ǥ ͳͷ͸͹Ȃͳͷ͹ͳǤ ĉĔĎǣ
”‹ƒŽ ‘ • ˆ‘” ‹”‡Ž‡•• ‡–™‘”•ǣ ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ǡ RyXRRyNfGq*XkykyXkNNd3jdǤ
ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•ǡ ƒ† ’‡ ”‘„Ž‡•dzǤ ǣ
‘—Ǥ —”˜‡›• —–•Ǥ ʹͳǤ͵ ȋʹͲͳͻȌǡ ’’Ǥ ʹ͵͵ͶȂ ȏ͵͸Ȑ Ǥ ‡‹ ƒ† Ǥ Šƒ‰Ǥ Dz ’Ž‹ ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡
ʹ͵͸ͲǤ ĉĔĎǣ RyX RRyNf*PJahXkyRNXkNyk3ekǤ ˆ‘” ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ”Ǧ ‘‡ –‡† dzǤ ǣ Ǥ ‡ŽǤ ‘’‹ •
‹‰ƒŽ ”‘ ‡••Ǥ ͳ͵Ǥ͵ ȋʹͲͳͻȌǡ ’’Ǥ ͸ͶͶȂ͸ͷ͸Ǥ ĉĔĎǣ RyX
ȏʹ͸Ȑ Ǥ ‡”ǡ Ǥ ƒƒ†ǡ ƒ† Ǥ ƒ” Š‡––‹Ǥ Dz ‘™ƒ”† ƒ
‘‡ –‡† ›ǣ ‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ‡ƒˆ‘”‹‰ ‹–Š RRyNfCahaSXkyRNXk3NNky3Ǥ
‘™Ǧ ‹Ž–‡† –‡ƒ• ˆ‘” ”‘—† ƒ† •‡” ȏ͵͹Ȑ Ž‹ƒ• ƒƒ ‘—„ ƒ† ‘Šƒ‡†Ǧ Ž‹ Ž‘—‹‹Ǥ Dz ‡›
‘Ǧ š‹•–‡ ‡dzǤ ǣ ‘—Ǥ ‡––Ǥ ʹ͵ǤͳͲ ȋ –Ǥ ͸ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡ ƒ† ’’‘”–—‹–›Ȅ ‘‡ –‹‰ –Š‡
ʹͲͳͻȌǡ ’’Ǥ ͳͺͶͲȂͳͺͶͶǤ ĎĘĘēǣ ʹ͵͹͵Ǧ͹ͺͻͳǤ ĉĔĎǣ RyX ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ›”ƒ‹†ǣ —”˜‡› ‘ —”ƒŽ ‘‡ Ǧ
RRyNfG*PJJXkyRNXkNkd98kǤ –‹˜‹–›dzǤ ǣ ”‘ ‡‡†‹‰• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ͳͲͺǤͶ ȋʹͲʹͲȌǡ
Dž
ȏʹ͹Ȑ Ǥ —Ž‡”ǡ Ǥ ƒƒ––ƒ‡ǡ Ǥ ‹ǡ Ǥ ‘—ǡ Ǥ ‡”‰•–”‘ ǡ ’’Ǥ ͷ͵͵ȂͷͺʹǤ ĉĔĎǣ RyXRRyNfCS_P*XkykyXkNdedyjǤ
ƒ† Ǥ ‡†‹Ǥ Dz ‘„‹Ž‹–› —’’‘”– ˆ‘” ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ” ‘Ǧ ȏ͵ͺȐ Ǥ ‘—ǡ Ǥ ‡‰ǡ ƒ† Ǥ Š‹ŠǦ ƒŠƒ‡‹Ǥ Dz ‘‹– ‡ƒǦ
‡ –‡† ƒ‡† ‡”‹ƒŽ ‡Š‹ Ž‡•ǣ ‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ˆ‘”‹‰ǡ •‡” ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ† ‡‹‰Š– ‘–”‘Ž ˆ‘”
ƒ† ƒŽ›•‹•dzǤ ǣ ”‘ Ǥ ‹”‡Ž‡•• ‘—Ǥ ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ”Ǧ ƒ„Ž‡† ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘•dzǤ ǣ
‡–™Ǥ ‘ˆǤ ȋ ȌǤ ’”Ǥ ʹͲͳͻǡ ’’Ǥ ͳȂ͸Ǥ ĉĔĎǣ Ry X ”ƒ•Ǥ ‘—Ǥ ȋʹͲʹͳȌǡ ’’Ǥ ͳȂͳǤ ĉĔĎǣ Ry X RRyN f
RRyNfq*L*XkyRNX33383kyǤ h*PJJXkykRXjyejdd8Ǥ
ȏʹͺȐ ‘Šƒƒ† ‘œƒˆˆƒ”‹ǡ ‹‰“‹ ‹ǡ ƒ† Ǥ ƒ›‡•Ǥ
Dz ‘™ƒ”†• ͸ ™‹–Š ‘‡ –‡† ›ǣ • ƒ† ‡Ǧ ȏ͵ͻȐ Ǥ Ǥ ‘Š•‘ ƒ† Ǥ ƒŠƒ–Ǧ ƒ‹‹Ǥ Dz ‡‡–‹ ƒŽǦ
›‘†dzǤ ǣ ” ‹˜ ƒ„•ȀʹͳͲ͵ǤͲͳͳͶ͵ ȋʹͲʹͳȌǤ ‰‘”‹–Š ‘’–‹‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ™‹”‡Ž‡•• ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘
‡–™‘”•dzǤ ǣ ”‘ Ǥ –‡ƒ• ƒ† ”‘’ƒ‰ƒǦ
ȏʹͻȐ — ƒ Š‹ƒ”ƒ˜‹‰Ž‹‘ǡ ƒ„‹‘ ǯ †”‡ƒ‰‹‘˜ƒ‹ǡ ‹ŽŽ‹ƒ –‹‘ ‘ ‹‡–› –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ›’‘•‹—Ǥ ‘ŽǤ ͶǤ ͳͻͻͷǡ
‹—ǡ ƒ‹”‘ Ǥ —–‹‡””‡œǡ ‹ ‘Žƒ Ž‡ˆƒ”‹Ǧ ‡Žƒœœ‹ǡ ͳͻ͸ͶȂͳͻ͸͹ ˜‘ŽǤͶǤ ĉĔĎǣ Ry X RRyN f Sa X RNN8 X
‹Ǧ ™ƒ‰ ƒ›‘† Š‘‘ǡ ƒ† ‘Šƒ‡†Ǧ Ž‹ 8jyNddǤ
Ž‘—‹‹Ǥ Dz —Ž–‹Ǧ ”‡ƒ Š”‘—‰Š’—– ƒ† ‡”‰› ’Ǧ
–‹‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ Ǧ ‹†‡† ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ” ‡–™‘”• ‘Ǧ ȏͶͲȐ ͵ Ǥ –—†› ‘ Šƒ‡Ž ‘†‡Ž ˆ‘” ˆ”‡“—‡ ‹‡•
™‡”‡† „› ‘Žƒ” ƒ‡Ž• ƒ† ”‹†dzǤ ǣ ”ƒ•Ǥ ˆ”‘ ͶǤͻ –‘ ͷͶͶ œǤ ‡ Š‹ ƒŽ ”‡’‘”– ȋ Ȍ
‘„‹Ž‡ ‘’—–Ǥ ʹͲǤ͹ ȋʹͲʹͳȌǡ ’’Ǥ ʹͶʹ͹ȂʹͶͶͶǤ ĉĔĎǣ ͵ͺǤͻͲͳǤ ͵”† ‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ”–‡”•Š‹’ ”‘Œ‡ –
RyX RRyNfhJ*XkykyXkN3y3j9Ǥ ȋ͵ Ȍǡ ʹͲͳ͹Ǥ Ěėđǣ ?iiTb , f f TQ`i H X j;TT X
ȏ͵ͲȐ Ǥ ƒƒ‰ƒ”ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Š‡–Ž—”ǡ ƒ† Ǥ Ǥ Š‹ŽŽ‘Ǥ Dz ƒǦ Q`; f /2bFiQTKQ/mH2b f aT2+B7B+ iBQMb f
†‘˜‡” ”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‹ ”‘‡ ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ” ‡–™‘”•dzǤ ǣ Wky f f W kyaT2+B7B+ iBQM.2i BHb X bTt \
bT2+B7B+ iBQMA/4jRdjǤ
‹”‡Ž‡•• ‘—Ǥ ‡––Ǥ ͻǤ͹ ȋʹͲʹͲȌǡ ’’Ǥ ͻ͵͵Ȃ
ͻ͵͹Ǥ ȏͶͳȐ ͵ Ǥ ‡ Š‹ ƒŽ ’‡ ‹ϐ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ȋ Ȍ ͵͸Ǥ͹͹͹Ǥ
ȏ͵ͳȐ Ǥ ƒŽ‡Š‹ ƒ† Ǥ ‘••ƒ‹Ǥ Dz ƒ†‘˜‡” ƒ–‡ ʹͲͳͺǤ Ěėđǣ ?iiTb , f f TQ`i H X j;TT X
ƒ† ‘Œ‘—” ‹‡ ƒŽ›•‹• ‹ ‘„‹Ž‡ ”‘‡Ǧ Q`; f /2bFiQTKQ/mH2b f aT2+B7B+ iBQMb f
••‹•–‡† ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ” ‡–™‘”•dzǤ ǣ ƒ” ‹˜ ‡Ǧ’”‹–•ǡ W8* W 8*aT2+B7B+ iBQM.2i BHb X bTt \
ƒ” ‹˜ǣʹͲͲ͸ǤͲͷͲͳͻ ȋ —‡ ʹͲʹͲȌǡ ƒ” ‹˜ǣʹͲͲ͸ǤͲͷͲͳͻǤ bT2+B7B+ iBQMA/4jkjRǤ
ƒ” ‹˜ǣ kyyeXy8yRN (+bXLA)Ǥ ȏͶʹȐ Ǥ ‹ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ƒ–‹ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ž‡‹‰ǡ ƒ† Ǥ Ǥ †”‡™•Ǥ
ȏ͵ʹȐ Ǥ ƒƒ‰ƒ” ƒ† Ǥ Ǥ Š‹ŽŽ‘Ǥ Dz͵ ™‘Ǧ ‘’ ‡ŽǦ Dz ‘™ƒ”†• †‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ –Š‡ —†ƒ‡–ƒŽ• ‘ˆ ‘Ǧ
Ž—Žƒ” ‡–™‘”• ™‹–Š ‹”‡Ž‡•• ƒ Šƒ—Ž‡† •ǣ „‹Ž‹–› ‹ ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ” ‡–™‘”•dzǤ ǣ ”ƒ•Ǥ ‹”‡Ž‡••
‘†‡Ž‹‰ ƒ† —†ƒ‡–ƒŽ•dzǤ ǣ ƒ” ‹˜ ‡Ǧ’”‹–•ǡ ‘—Ǥ ͳʹǤͶ ȋ ’”Ǥ ʹͲͳ͵Ȍǡ ’’Ǥ ͳ͸ͺ͸Ȃͳ͸ͻͺǤ ĎĘĘēǣ
ƒ” ‹˜ǣʹͳͲͷǤͲ͹Ͳͷͷ ȋ ƒ› ʹͲʹͳȌǡ ƒ” ‹˜ǣʹͳͲͷǤͲ͹ͲͷͷǤ ͳͷ͵͸Ǧͳʹ͹͸Ǥ ĉĔĎǣ Ry X RRyN f hq* X kyRj X ykkRRj X
ƒ” ‹˜ǣ kRy8Xydy88 (+bXAh)Ǥ Rky8yeǤ

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