Page 103 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies – Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

‹–‘ ƒ ‘—– •‹ ‡ǡ ˆ‘” ƒ› ‡™ ”‡†‡”‡” –Šƒ– ‹• ‹•–ƒ–‹Ǧ Š‡”‡‹ƒˆ–‡”ǡ —–‹Ž‹œ‹‰ •‘Ž‡Ž› Ž‘ ƒŽ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ –‘ †›ƒǦ
ƒ–‡†ǡ ƒ ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ •‡”˜‹ ‡ Š‘•– ‘•– ˆ‘” •— ‡••ˆ—ŽŽ› Š‘•–Ǧ ‹ ƒŽŽ› ”‡Ž‘ ƒ–‡ –Š‡ •‡”˜‹ ‡• ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ǡ —–‹Ž –Š‡ ‘’–‹Ǧ
‹‰ –Š‡ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” ”‡†‡”‹‰ •‡”˜‹ ‡ ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ •‡”˜‹ ‡ ‹•–ƒŽŽƒǦ ƒŽ ”‡†‡”‡”•ǯ Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘ ‹• †‹• ‘˜‡”‡† ‰‹˜‡ ƒ ‹‹–‹ƒŽ ƒ”„‹Ǧ
–‹‘ǡ ‘ϐ‹‰—”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ‹–‡ƒ ‡ǡ ‡– ǤȌǡ †‡‘–‡† Š‡”‡ –”ƒ”› ’Žƒ ‡‡–Ǥ
ƒ• Ӹ ֎ փ֊֎֏ ǡ ‹• ‹ϐŽ‹ –‡† ‘ –Š‡ ’”‘˜‹†‡”Ǥ ˆ–‡” ”‡Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘• †‘ ‘ —”ǡ –Š‡ ”‡†‡”‡”•ǯ ’Žƒ ‡‡–
֏
Šƒ‰‡• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‡š– –‹‡ •Ž‘– ȋӻ ଈӻ ֎ ֏ φ Ȍǡ ƒ† •‘ †‘‡•
֎
ͷǤʹ ”‘„Ž‡ •–ƒ–‡‡– –Š‡ —†‡”Ž›‹‰ ”‘—–‹‰ • Š‡‡ǡ ƒ––”‹„—–‡† –‘ –Š‡ ‡™ ෲ෯•
–Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ˆ‘”‡†ǡ •‹ ‡ ‡˜‡”› ˆ‘‰ ‘†‡ Ԥ୮ԋ ™‹ŽŽ ƒŽ™ƒ›•
‹˜‡ –Š‡ ’”‡ ‡†‹‰ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ƒ ‹‹–‹ƒŽ ƒ”„‹–”ƒ”› ’”‡ˆ‡” ‹–• Ž‘•‡•– ‹ –‡”• ‘ˆ †‡Žƒ› ”‡†‡”‡”Ǣ –Šƒ– ‹•ǡ ™Š‡”‡
ӻ ’Žƒ ‡‡– ‘ˆ ”‡†‡”‡”•ǡ –Š‡ ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š Š‡”‡ –ƒ‡• ஥ ֏ ஥ ֏ φ ȋ–Š‡ ‡“—ƒŽǦ
Ј
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֎
֎
֎
֎
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–Š‡ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ †‹•–”‹„—–‡†Ž› †‹• ‘˜‡”‹‰ ƒ ӻ ǡ –Šƒ– ‡ˆˆ‡ Ǧ ӹ Ԥ ԥ ମ ӹ Ԥ ԥ ૞ԥ ୮ӻ ૞ԥ ୮ӻ ֎
յ
‹–› Š‘Ž†• ˆ‘” –Š‘•‡ ෲ෯• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ‘– ƒˆˆ‡ –‡†ǡ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ ™Š‡
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–‹˜‡Ž› ‹‹‹œ‡• ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ •‡”˜‹ ‡ ’”‘˜‹•‹‘ ‘•– ˆ‘” –Š‡ —•‡”• ԥ ԥ ȌǤ ‡ ƒ—•‡ ‹– ‹• ‹’‘••‹„Ž‡ ‹ ƒ ‘Ž‹‡ ƒ† ’—”‡Ž›
஥
֎
֎
ƒ† ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ •‡”˜‹ ‡ †‡’Ž‘›‡– ‘•– ˆ‘” –Š‡ ’”‘˜‹†‡”ǡ ƒ„‹†Ǧ Ž‘ ƒŽ‹œ‡† ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š –‘ ƒ’”‹‘”‹ Šƒ˜‡ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ ‘ˆ
‹‰ „› –Š‡ ‘•–”ƒ‹–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ ‘•›•–‡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‘ˆǦ –Š‡ ‡™ ෲ෯• –Šƒ– ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ”‡ƒ–‡† ˜‹ƒ –Š‡ ”‡Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘—”
ˆ‡”‡† —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ • ‡–‹‘‡† ‹ ‡ –‹‘ ͳǡ ˆ‘ —• Š‡”‡ƒˆ–‡” ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ‘ –Š‡ ™‘”•–Ǧ ƒ•‡ • ‡ƒ”‹‘ ™Š‡”‡
–Š‹• ’”‘„Ž‡ ‹• Š‡”‡ ”‡ˆ‡””‡† –‘ ƒ• –Š‡ Dz ƒ–‡ › ‘—†‡† –Š‡ ‘Ž›‘†‡• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡‹’ƒ –‡†ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ‘‡• „‡Ž‘‰‹‰ –‘
 ƒ’ƒ ‹–ƒ–‡† ‘‰ ‡†‡”‡” ‘ ƒ–‹‘dz ȋ Ǧ Ȍ ’”‘„Ǧ –Š‡ •—„–”‡‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‰ ”‡†‡”‡”•Ǥ Ž‹•– ‘ˆ Ž‡Ǧ
Ž‡ǡ ™Š‹ Š ˆƒŽŽ• —†‡” –Š‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘’Ž‡š ƒ• ƒ† –Š‡‘”‡• ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™• –Šƒ– †‡•‹‰ƒ–‡• –Š‡ ”‡Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘
’”‘„Ž‡•Ǥ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡†‡”‡”•ǡ „ƒ•‡† ‘ Ž‘ ƒŽ ‡–™‘” ‘™ŽǦ
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‡– Ӹ ֋֍֊֑ ƒ† Ӹ ֏ տր֋և †‡‘–‡ –Š‡ –™‘ ‘•–• ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ‡†‰‡ ”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ –Š‡ ‹‡†‹ƒ–‡ ‡‹‰Š„‘”Š‘‘† ᅮ ԥ ોԈ ֏
֎
Š‡ǡ ‹– ‹• †‡”‹˜‡† –Šƒ– ˆ‘” ƒ ‰‹˜‡ ’Žƒ ‡‡– ‘ˆ ”‡†‡”Ǧ ୮ӻ Ȍǡ †—”‹‰ ƒ •’‡ ‹ϐ‹ ԣǡ Š›’‘–Š‡•‹œ‹‰ –Šƒ– –Š‡
֑ ՘
֏
֏
֏
‡”• ӻ ƒ– ƒ› –‹‡ •Ž‘– ԣǡ–Š‡ Ӹ ֋֍֊֑ ‹’‘•‡† ‘ –Š‡ •›•–‡ ȋ૞ԥ ֎ ֎
֎
ˆ‘” ”‡†‡”‹‰ •‡”˜‹ ‡ ’”‘˜‹•‹‘ǡ ‹• •—‹–ƒ„Ž› ‘’—–‡† ƒ• ”‡Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘ ™‹ŽŽ Šƒ’’‡ ‹•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—•Ž› †—”‹‰ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ԣ
™‹–Š‘—– ƒŽ–‡”‹‰ –Š‡ —†‡”Ž›‹‰ ෲ෯•Ǥ
–Š‡ •—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ •‡”˜‹ ‡ ƒ ‡•• ‘•–• ˆ‘” ƒ ‡••‹‰ ƒŽŽ
ԥ ୮ӻ ǡ‘”ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›ǡ
֏
֎
͸Ǥͳ ‡”˜‹ ‡ ‹‰”ƒ–‹‘
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֏
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Ӹ ֋֍֊֑ ం ం Ӹ ֍ր։ ԥ ֎݂֐ ȋͼȌ ‡”˜‹ ‡ ‹‰”ƒ–‹‘ Šƒ• „‡‡ ’”‘’‘•‡† ‹ ’ƒ•– Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ‹Ǧ
ՙ ՙ
Ž—†‹‰ Ž‘—† ‡˜‹”‘‡–•ǡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ‹ ‘ˆ ‘˜‹‰ •‡”Ǧ
૞֑ ՘ ୮է ՘ ૞֐୮մ ՛ ՘
֏
‹‡™‹•‡ǡ –Š‡ Ӹ տր֋և ǡƒ–ƒ›–‹‡•Ž‘– ԣǡ‡“—ƒ–‡• –‘ǡ ˜‹ ‡• ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ •Ȍ –‘ –Š‡ „‡•– Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘• ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ‡–™‘”
–Šƒ– ‹‹‹œ‡ •‘‡ ‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡ ˆ— –‹‘ ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ ȏͷͻȐȌǤ ‘Ǧ
֏
Ӹ ֏ ం Ӹ փ֊֎֏ ]ӻ ]Ӹ փ֊֎֏ ȋͽȌ •‹†‡” –Š‡ ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ ‘‡ ”‡†‡”‹‰ •‡”˜‹ ‡ Ž‘ ƒ–‡† ƒ– ”‡†‡”‡”
տր֋և ֎ ֎ ֎ ୮ӻ ǡ –Šƒ– ‡‡†• –‘ „‡ ‹‰”ƒ–‡† –‘ •‘‡ ˆ‘‰ ‘†‡
֏
ՙ ԧ ֎ ֎
૞֑ ՘ ୮է ՘
Ԩ୮ ᅮ ԧ †—”‹‰ ԣǤ Š‡ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡• –Šƒ– ƒ–—”ƒŽŽ› ƒ”‹•‡
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˜‡–—ƒŽŽ›ǡ –Š‡ ‘’–‹‹œƒ–‹‘ ‰‘ƒŽ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ǧ ƒ– –Š‡ ƒ”‡ –™‘ˆ‘Ž†ǣ ȋ‹Ȍ ™Š‡–Š‡” ƒ •‡”˜‹ ‡ ‹‰”ƒ–‹‘ –‘ ˆ‘‰ ‘†‡ Ԩǡ
‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‹‡ Š‘”‹œ‘ ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ ԣ ԉȌ „‡ ‘‡• –Š‡ ‹‹Ǧ †‡‘–‡† ƒ• ܟܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܡԧ ੃Ԩǡ ™‹ŽŽ ‹†‡‡† ‹ —” ƒ ”‡†— –‹‘ –‘ Ӹ ˆ‘”
֏
֏
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‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •— ‘ˆ –Š‡ –™‘ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡ ‘•– ˆ— –‹‘•Ǥ –Š‡ ‡š– –‹‡ •Ž‘–ǡ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ ˆ‘” ԣ ԣ Ǣ ƒ† ȋ‹‹Ȍ ™Š‹ Š ‹Ǧ
‡– Ӹ †‡‘–‡ –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž– ‘ˆ –Š‹• •—ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ –Š‡ –‘Ǧ ‹— ‘†‹–‹‘ •Š‘—Ž† „‡ •ƒ–‹•ϐ‹‡† –‘ ƒ Š‹‡˜‡ –Š‹• ”‡•—Ž–
֏
–ƒŽ ‘•– ‘ˆ –Š‡ –ƒ‹‰ ‹–‘ ƒ ‘—– ƒŽŽ ’”‡˜‹‘—•Ž› ’”‡Ǧ „ƒ•‡† •‘Ž‡Ž› ‘ Ž‘ ƒŽ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ԧ †—”‹‰ ԣ
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• ”‹„‡† ‘•–•ǡ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ ”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ ‹–• ‡‹‰Š„‘”Š‘‘† ᅮ ԧ Ǥ
֎
‡– ငӸ ܟܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܡԧ ੃Ԩ †‡‘–‡ –Š‡ ’‘•–Ǧ‹‰”ƒ–‹‘ ‘•– †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡
֏
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Ӹ ం ం Ӹ ֏ ֍ր։ ԥ ֎݂֐ ం Ӹ ֎ փ֊֎֏ ȋ;Ȍ –Šƒ– ‹• ƒ––”‹„—–‡† –‘ –Š‡ ‹‰”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡†‡”‹‰ •‡”Ǧ
ՙ ՙ ՙ
˜‹ ‡ ˆ”‘ —””‡– ”‡†‡”‡” ԧ –‘ ˆ‘‰ ‘†‡ Ԩ୮ ᅮ ԧ ોԈ ǡ
૞֑ ՘ ୮է ՘ ૞֐୮մ ՛ ՘ ૞֑ ՘ ୮է ՘ ֏
֎ ֎ ֓ ՘
֏
֏
੃
ԧ
Š‡ǡ –Š‡ ’”‘„Ž‡ ‹• †‡ϐ‹‡† ƒ•ǣ ƒ– ԣǡƒ† Ž‡– ငӸ ܟܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܡԧ ੃Ԩ ֈք։ ‹\ငӸ ܟܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܡ ૞Ԩ ୮
Ԩ
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ᅮ ԧ ોԈ ^ „‡ –Š‡ ‹‹— ’‘•–Ǧ‹‰”ƒ–‹‘ ‘•– †‹ˆˆ‡”Ǧ
֏
֎
֓ ՘
յ
յ
Ǧ ǣ ‹\Ӹ ଟӸ յ Ӹ տր֋և ^ ȋͿȌ ‡ ‡ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ
֋֍֊֑
•Ǥ–Ǥ “Ǥ ȋͷȌ ȋͺȌ
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‡ƒ ͳǤ ‹˜‡ ƒ› ‹‰”ƒ–‹‘ ܟܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܡԧ ੃Ԩǡ™Š‡”‡ Ԩ୮ ᅮ ԧ ો
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֎
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Ԉ ֏ ƒ† ԓ ԧ Ԩ ԓ ԧ ԩ ૞ԩ ୮ ᅮ ԧ ોԈ ǡ–Š‡”‡ ‡š‹•–•
͸Ǥ ֓ ՘ ֎ ֎ ֎ ֓ ՘
֏
ƒ ‹‹— ’‘•–Ǧ‹‰”ƒ–‹‘ ‘•– †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ ‰‹˜‡ „› Ӹ
֏
‡ ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ ‹–• Š‹‰Š ‘’Ž‡š‹–› ȋ෭෯ǦŠƒ”† ˆ‘” ‰‡‡”ƒŽ Ӹ ֏ φ ငӸ ܟܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܡ ֈք։ ǡ™Š‡”‡
੃Ԩ
ԧ
֎
‰”ƒ’Š• ƒ• ƒ •’‡ ‹ƒŽ ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ȍǡ ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ› ‹ –‡”•
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‘ˆ • ƒŽƒ„‹Ž‹–› ƒ† ‡Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›ǡ ‘’—–‹‰ ƒ ‘’–‹ƒŽ ˆ‡ƒ•‹Ǧ ငӸ ܟܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܡԧ ੃Ԩ ֈք։ Ӹ ռվվ ԧ ਷Ӹ ռվվ Ԩ ȋͷͶȌ
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„Ž‡ •‘Ž—–‹‘ –‘ –Š‡ Ǧ ‘—Ž† ’”‘˜‡ ‹–”ƒ –ƒ„Ž‡ǡ ‡˜‡
™‹–Š ˜ƒ•– ‘’—–‹‰ ”‡•‘—” ‡• ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡Ǥ  ˆƒ –ǡ –”ƒǦ ”‘‘ˆǤ Š‡ ’”‘‘ˆ ‹• ‹ Ž—†‡† ‹ ’’‡†‹š ǤͳǤ
†‹–‹‘ƒŽ ‡–”ƒŽ‹œ‡† ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‡•ǡ ”‡“—‹”‹‰ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ –‘’‘ŽǦ
‘‰› ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡ ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ–‡ †‡‡‡† —•—‹–ƒ„Ž‡ ˆ‘” –Š‹• –ƒ• Š‡ ƒ‹ ‡š– ‹• –‘ †‡–‡”‹‡ —†‡” ™Š‹ Š ‹‹— ‘Ǧ
֏
֏
†—‡ –‘ –Š‡ •‘‡–‹‡• ‡š–”‡‡ ‘’—–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‡š’‡•‡•Ǥ †‹–‹‘ –Š‡ ငӸ ܟܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܠܡԧ ੃ Ԩ ૞Ԩ ୮ᅮ ԧ ોԈ ֓ ՘ ‹• •ƒ–‹•ϐ‹‡†ǡ
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Š—•ǡ ƒ ‡Žƒ•–‹ †‡ ‡–”ƒŽ‹œ‡† ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š ‹• †‡•‹‰ƒ–‡† ‘” •‹‹Žƒ”Ž› —†‡” ™Š‹ Š ‹‹— ‘†‹–‹‘ Ӹ ֏ φ Ӹ Ǥ
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