Page 100 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies – Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

Š‡”‡ƒˆ–‡”ǡ ƒ‡† ˆ‘‰ ‘†‡•ǡ –Šƒ– ’‘••‡•• ƒ’ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡• •‹Ǧ
‹Žƒ” –‘ –Š‘•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ ‡‰‹‡•ǡ „—–
‘ˆ Ž‡•• ‘’—–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ† ‡–™‘”‹‰ ƒ’ƒ ‹–›ǡ ƒ† ƒ”‡
‹ Ž‘•‡ ’”‘š‹‹–› –‘ –Š‡ ‡† —•‡”•Ǥ • •— Šǡ –Š‡› ƒ›
˜ƒ”› ‹ ƒ–—”‡ ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ ‹†Ž‡ •ǡ •ǡ „ƒ•‡ •–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ •ƒ”–Ǧ
’Š‘‡•ǡ ‘ †‡˜‹ ‡•ǡ ƒ ‡•• ’‘‹–•ǡ ‡– ǤȌǡ Š‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡›
ƒŽŽ •Šƒ”‡ –Š‡ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ‘ˆ „‡ ‘‹‰ ˆ‘‰ ”‡†‡”‡”•ǡ „› Š‘•–Ǧ
‹‰ ƒ ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ”‡†‡”‹‰ •‡”˜‹ ‡ǡ –Šƒ– ˜ƒ•–Ž› ”‡†— ‡•
–Š‡ †‘™•–”‡ƒ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ †‡Žƒ›ǡ •‹ ‡ ƒŽŽ ”‡†‡”Ǧ
‹‰ –ƒ‡• ’Žƒ ‡ ‡ƒ” –Š‡ ‹‡†‹ƒ–‡ ˜‹ ‹‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘””‡Ǧ
•’‘†‹‰ Ž‹‡–•Ǥ Š‡ †‡’Ž‘›‡† ˆ‘‰ ‘†‡• ƒ”‡ ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡†
ƒ• „Žƒ Ǧ‘—–Ž‹‡† ‹” Ž‡• ‹ –Š‡ ‘•–”— –‡† • ‹ ‹‰Ǥ ͳǡ
™Š‡”‡ƒ• –Š‡ ‘‡• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ‡˜‡–—ƒŽŽ› ƒ’’‘‹–‡† –Š‡ ”‘Ž‡ ‘ˆ
ˆ‘‰ ”‡†‡”‡”• ƒ”‡ †‡’‹ –‡† ƒ• ”‡†Ǧ‘—–Ž‹‡† ‹” Ž‡• ”‡•’‡ Ǧ
–‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ
ƒ•–Ž›ǡ –Š‡ „‘––‘ ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ” Š‹–‡ –—”‡ ‡ ƒ•‡• –Š‡
—•‡”• Žƒ›‡”Ǥ Š‡ ’”‘Ž‹ˆ‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘ ƒ† •‡”˜‹ ‡• ƒŽ‘‰
™‹–Š –Š‡ ™‹†‡ •’”‡ƒ† ‘ˆ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• •ƒ”– ƒ† ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ‘Ǧ
„‹Ž‡ †‡˜‹ ‡• Šƒ˜‡ ‡ƒ„Ž‡† –Š‡ —•‡”• –‘ ‡‰ƒ‰‡ ™‹–Š ‹‡”Ǧ
•‹˜‡ —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ –‡ Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡• –Š”‘—‰Š †‹˜‡”•‹ϐ‹‡† ’Žƒ–Ǧ
ˆ‘”• ƒ† ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰ •›•–‡•Ǥ  –Š‹• ™ƒ›ǡ ƒ› †‡˜‹ ‡ ƒ
’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ› Š‘•– ƒ —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ Ž‹‡– ƒ† ƒŽŽ‘™ –Š‡ —•‡”• –‘
‹‰Ǥ ͳ Ȃ  ‡šƒ’Ž‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡† –Š”‡‡ǦŽƒ›‡”‡† Ž‘—†Ȁˆ‘‰ ‹‡”Ǧ ‹‡”•‡ ‹ ˜‹”–—ƒŽ ™‘”Ž†•ǡ ˆ”‡‡‹‰ –Š‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡ ‡•Ǧ
•‹˜‡ —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ •›•–‡ ƒ” Š‹–‡ –—”‡Ǥ
•‹–› ‘ˆ ‘™‹‰ •’‡ ‹ƒŽ‹œ‡† Šƒ”†™ƒ”‡Ȁ•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ǡ ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ ’‘™Ǧ
ƒ† ‘ˆˆ‡”‹‰ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š”‘—‰Š ”‡•‘—” ‡ ˜‹”–—ƒŽ‹œƒǦ ‡”ˆ—Ž •Ȁ •Ǥ Š‡ Ž‹‡–• ƒ”‡ ‘‡ –‡† –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡‹”
–‹‘Ǥ ‡•‹†‡•ǡ –Š‡› ƒ”‡ –‡ƒ‡† —’ –Š”‘—‰Š ‘‡ –‹‘ Ž‘ ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒ ‘‡ –‹˜‹–› –‘ –Š‡‹” Ž‘•‡•– ˆ‘‰ ‘†‡ ‹ –Š‡‹”
™‹–Š ƒ ‡–”ƒŽ —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ •‡”˜‡”ǡ ™Š‹ Š ‘—‹ ƒ–‡• ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡ •ǡ –Š‡ Žƒ––‡” ƒ –‹‰ ƒ• ƒ ‰ƒ–‡™ƒ› ˆ‘” ‘Ǧ
™‹–Š –Š‡ ’”‘˜‹†‡”ǯ• †ƒ–ƒ ‡–‡” ƒ† †ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡ǡ ƒ† Š‘Ž†• ‡ –‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ Ž‘—† ‡‰‹‡ ƒ† ˆ‘‰ ”‡†‡”‡”
–Š‡ ‡–‹–›ǡ ‹ ƒ –›’‹ ƒŽ Ž‘—† ˆƒ•Š‹‘ –Šƒ– ƒŽŽ‘™• –Š‡‹” ȋ‡‹–Š‡” ‹–•‡Žˆ ‘” ƒ‘–Š‡” ˆ‘‰ ‘†‡ Š‘•–‹‰ ƒ ”‡†‡”‹‰ •‡”Ǧ
‹–‡” ‘‡ –‹‘ǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡• ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘• „‡Ǧ ˜‹ ‡Ȍǡ ‘–‹—‘—•Ž› •‡†‹‰ ϐŽ‘™• ‘ˆ †ƒ–ƒ ”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ –Š‡‹”
–™‡‡ ƒ˜ƒ–ƒ”• ȋ–Š‡ —•‡”•ǯ ’Žƒ›ƒ„Ž‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”•Ǧ’”‘ϐ‹Ž‡•Ȍ ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ †‡ƒ†• ƒ† ƒ –‹˜‹–›Ǥ ‘”†‹‰Ž›ǡ ˜‹”–—ƒŽ
ƒ† ‘–Š‡” ‹‡”•‹‘Ǧ”‡Žƒ–‡† ‡Ž‡‡–•Ǥ Š‡ Žƒ––‡” ‹• ‡šǦ ™‘”Ž† ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ƒ† —’†ƒ–‹‰ ‘ —” ‹ –Š‡ ”‡‘–‡ Ž‘—†ǡ
‡‡†‹‰Ž› ‹’‘”–ƒ–ǡ •‹ ‡ —•‡”• ‡š’‡ – –‘ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ ƒ ™Š‹Ž‡ –Š‡ ͵ • ‡‡ ”‡†‡”‹‰ –ƒ‡• ’Žƒ ‡ ƒ– –Š‡ ˆ‘‰ ”‡Ǧ
•‹‰Ž‡ǡ Žƒ”‰‡ǡ ƒ† —ˆ”ƒ‰‡–‡† ˜‹”–—ƒŽ ™‘”Ž† ƒŽŽ‘™‹‰ ˆ‘” †‡”‡”•ǡ ”‡†— ‹‰ –Š‡ †‹•–ƒ ‡ –Š‡ ‡™Ž› ”‡†‡”‡† ˆ”ƒ‡•
•‡ƒŽ‡•• ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘• ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ ‹ ƒ –”ƒ•’ƒ”‡– ƒǦ ‡‡† –‘ –”ƒ˜‡Ž ƒ† •—„•‡“—‡–Ž› †‡ ”‡ƒ•‹‰ –Š‡ ‘—Ǧ
‡” ƒ† ™‹–Š‘—– ‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡ Ž‘ƒ†‹‰ Žƒ‰•Ǥ ‹ ƒ–‹‘ †‡Žƒ›Ǥ
‡•’‹–‡ –Š‡ ’”‡ ‡†‹‰ •‡‹Ǧ ‡–”ƒŽ‹œ‡† •‡–—’ǡ –Š‡ ‘’—Ǧ Š‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡† Ž‘—†Ȁˆ‘‰ –Š”‡‡ǦŽƒ›‡”‡† —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ •›•Ǧ
–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‹‡”•‹˜‡ Ž‘—† —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ ‡˜‹”‘‡–• Šƒ• ƒ –‡ ‹• ƒ’ƒ„Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒ’–—”‹‰ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ‡–™‘” ‘ϐ‹‰—”ƒǦ
˜‡”› Š‹‰Š †‡ƒ† ˆ‘” •‡”˜‡” ƒ’ƒ ‹–‹‡• ƒ† ”‡ƒ‹• •—„Ǧ –‹‘•ǡ ‹ –Š‡ •‡•‡ –Šƒ– ‡˜‡ ‹ ƒ•‡• ™Š‡”‡ • †‘ ‘–
Œ‡ – –‘ •–”‹ – †‡Žƒ› ƒ† –”ƒˆϐ‹ Ž‘ƒ† ”‡“—‹”‡‡–• ȏ͸ͳȐǤ ‘” ‡š‹•– „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ –‘’ ƒ† „‘––‘ Žƒ›‡”•ǡ –Š‡ —•‡”•ǯ Ž‹‡–•
‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ ‘•‹†‡” –Š‡ ƒ•‡ ™Š‡”‡ ƒ —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ ‡‰‹‡ ‹• ƒ •–‹ŽŽ ‘‡ – †‹”‡ –Ž› –‘ –Š‡ Ž‘—†ǡ ‹ ™Š‹ Š ƒ•‡ –Š‡
‰‡––‹‰ ‘˜‡”™Š‡Ž‡† †—‡ –‘ ƒ •’‹‡ ‹ ƒ –‹˜‹–› ƒ—•‡† „› ”‡†‡”‡” ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ‹•–ƒ–‹ƒ–‡† ƒ– –Š‡ ‘•– ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡
ƒ •—††‡ ˜‹”–—ƒŽ ‡˜‡– –ƒ‹‰ ’Žƒ ‡ǡ •— Š ƒ• ƒ ˜‹”–—ƒŽ ˆ‡•Ǧ Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘ ‹•‹†‡ –Š‡ —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ ‡‰‹‡• ȋ–Šƒ– ‹‹‹œ‡•
–‹˜ƒŽǤ • ƒ ”‡•—Ž–ǡ –Š‡ —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ ‡‰‹‡ ƒ› „‡ Ž‡† –‘ ƒ –Š‡ †‘™•–”‡ƒ †‡Žƒ›ȌǤ ‘” –Š‡ ”‡•– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’ƒ’‡”ǡ ™‹–ŠǦ
•–ƒ–‡ǡ ™Š‡”‡ ‹– ƒ ‘ Ž‘‰‡” •—ˆϐ‹ ‹‡–Ž› Šƒ†Ž‡ –Š‡ ‰‡Ǧ ‘—– Ž‘•• ‘ˆ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹–›ǡ ‹– ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ƒ••—‡† –Šƒ– ƒŽŽ Ž‹‡–•
‡”ƒ–‡† ™‘”Ž‘ƒ†ǡ Ž‡ƒ†‹‰ –‘ —ƒ ‡’–ƒ„Ž‡ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ƒ”‡ ‘‡ –‡† –‘ ƒ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” ǡ ™Š‹ Š ‹ –—” ƒ ‘Ǧ
†‡‰”ƒ†ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† Ž‘•• ‹ ‘ ǡ ‘’”‘‹•‹‰ –Š‡ ‹–‡‰”‹–› ‡ – –‘ –Š‡ Ž‘—† —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ ‡‰‹‡•ǯ • ™‹–Š ‡‰Ž‹‰‹„Ž‡
‘ˆ –Š‡ ™Š‘Ž‡ •›•–‡Ǥ Š‡ ‘˜‡Ž–› „‡Š‹† –Š‡ Žƒ›‡”‹‰ ‹ –‹‡ •‹ ‡ –Š‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ •’‡‡† ƒ† „ƒ†™‹†–Š „‡Ǧ
‹‰Ǥ ͳ ‹• –Š‡ ‹–”‘†— –‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ–‡ ˆ‘‰ Žƒ›‡”ǡ –™‡‡ –Š‡ ƒ”‡ ƒ••—‡† –‘ „‡ ˜‡”› Š‹‰Š ȋ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ› ™Š‡
™Š‹ Š Ž‡˜‡”ƒ‰‡• –Š‡ ’ƒ”ƒ†‹‰ǡ —„—”†‡‹‰ –Š‡ —ŽǦ ‘•‹†‡”‹‰ –Š‡ ”‹•‡ ‘ˆ ͷ ‡–™‘”•ȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ƒ •‡”‹‘—•
–‹‡†‹ƒ ‡‰‹‡• ƒ† ƒ••‹•–‹‰ ‹ ͵ ˆ”ƒ‡ ”‡†‡”‹‰Ǥ “—‡•–‹‘ –Šƒ– ƒ”‹•‡• ”‡Žƒ–‡• –‘ –Š‡ —„‡” ƒ† ’‘•‹–‹‘‹‰
 ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”ǡ –Š‡ ˆ‘‰ Žƒ›‡” ‹ Ž—†‡• ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ‡–™‘”•ǡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘‰ ”‡†‡”‡”• ‹•‹†‡ –Š‡ •ǡ –Šƒ– Š‘•– –Š‡ ‰‹˜‡
‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡† ‘ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• •ǡ „‡‡ϐ‹–‹‰ ˆ”‘ ‡š‹•–‹‰ ‹Ǧ ”‡†‡”‹‰ •‡”˜‹ ‡ǡ Šƒ˜‹‰ ƒŽ™ƒ›• ‹ ‹† –Š‡ ƒ—‰‡–ƒǦ
ˆ”ƒ•–”— –—”‡ ™‹–Š‘—– ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ’‹–ƒŽ ‡š’‡•‡•Ǥ Š‡•‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘ ˆ‘” –Š‡ —•‡”• ƒ† –Š‡ ”‡†— –‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ’‹–ƒŽ
‡–™‘”•ǡ Š‡ ‡ˆ‘”–Šǡ ƒŽŽ‡† ‘‰ ”‡ƒ ‡–™‘”• ȋ Ȍ•ǡ ‘•–• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ’”‘˜‹†‡”•Ǥ Š‹• ’”‘„Ž‡ǡ ‹ •‹‹Žƒ” • ‡Ǧ
ˆ‘” ƒ ‘˜‡”Žƒ› „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ‡† —•‡”•ǯ Ž‹‡–• ƒ† –Š‡‹” ƒ”‹‘•ǡ Šƒ• „‡‡ –›’‹ ƒŽŽ› ƒ††”‡••‡† ‹ ”‡Žƒ–‡† Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡
ƒ••‹‰‡† Ž‘—† —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ ‡‰‹‡ǡ ‘–ƒ‹‹‰ †‡˜‹ ‡•ǡ ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ ȏ͸ʹȐȌ ƒ• ƒ ‹•–ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ • ȏʹͲȐǤ

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