Page 107 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies – Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

‡–Ǥ Š—•ǡ –Š‡ ”‡†‡”‡”• •— ‡••ˆ—ŽŽ› ‡”‰‡ ȋ ‹‡ ͵ͺȌ Ǧ ǯ• ‘•–”ƒ‹–• •Š‘—Ž† –ƒ‡ ’Žƒ ‡Ǥ Ž–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›ǡ
–ƒ‹‰ ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ •–”‹ –Ž› Ž‘ ƒŽ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘™ –‘ ‹– ‘—Ž† ’”‘˜‡ „‡‡ϐ‹ ‹ƒŽ ˆ‘” –Š‡ —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ ’”‘˜‹†‡” –‘
”‡†‡”‡” ԧ ”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ‰‰”‡‰ƒ–‡ ”‡†‡”‹‰ †‡ƒ†• †‡ ‹†‡ ƒ– ™Šƒ– ’‘‹– ‡šƒ –Ž› –‘ –‡”‹ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ƒŽ‰‘”‹–Š
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ƒ† Š‹‰Š‡•– •‡”˜‹ ‡ ”‡†‡” ‘•– ‘ˆ Ԩ ǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• –Š‡‹” ƒ† ™Šƒ– ‘†‹–‹‘• •Š‘—Ž† ‡˜‡–—ƒŽŽ› „‡ ƒ’’Ž‹‡† –‘ –Š‡
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‹Ǧ„‡–™‡‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ †‡Žƒ›Ǥ ‡•‹†‡•ǡ ‹– ‡•—”‡• ‹ –‡”• ‘ˆ ”‡†‡”‹‰ •‡”˜‹ ‡ ƒŽŽ‘ ƒ–‹‘ ‹ ‘”†‡” –‘
–Šƒ– ™Š‡ ‘•‘Ž‹†ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ‘’Ž‡–‡† –Š‡ ”‡ƒ‹‹‰ ”‡Ǧ ƒ Š‹‡˜‡ –Š‡ „‡•– –”ƒ†‡Ǧ‘ˆˆ ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ ‘ϐŽ‹ –‹‰ –ƒ”‰‡–•Ǥ
†‡”‡” ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ –Š‡ ԧ Ȍ ™‹ŽŽ •–‹ŽŽ ‘– ˜‹‘Žƒ–‡ –Š‡ —’’‡” Žƒ–‡ ›
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„‘—†Ǣ –Šƒ– ‹•ǡ Š›’‘–Š‡•‹œ‹‰ –Šƒ– ԩ୮ Ԉ ம ‹• –Š‡ ‘†‡ ͺǤ
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֔ ՘
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ࣞ ֏
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™Š‡”‡ Ӹ ֍ր։ Ԩ ஧ ֎݂֕ ଉ Ӹ ֍ր։ Ԩ ǡ –Š‡ ԡ ԩ ମԇ Ԩ ȋ–Š‡  –Š‹• •‡ –‹‘ǡ ‹• ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡† –Š”‘—‰Š ƒ •‡”‹‡• ‘ˆ •‹Ǧ
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‡“—ƒŽ‹–› Š‘Ž†• ˆ‘” –Š‡ •’‡ ‹ƒŽ ƒ•‡ ™Š‡”‡ ‘Ž› Ԩ „‡Ž‘‰•
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֎ —Žƒ–‹‘ ‡š’‡”‹‡–• ™‹–Š •›–Š‡–‹ †ƒ–ƒ ˜‹ƒ –Š‡ ‡ ΪΪ
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ࣞ ֏
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–‘ Ԉ ம ǡ‘” ‡“—‹˜ƒŽ‡–Ž› ]Ԉ ம ] Ȍƒ†•‘ Ӹ ֍ր։ Ԩ ͷǤ͸Ǥʹ †‹• ”‡–‡ •‹—Žƒ–‘” ȏ͸ͷȐǤ
ʹ
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֔ ՘ ֔ ՘
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ࣞ ֏
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஧
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ԡ ԩ ԓ Ԩ ԧ ମ Ӹ ֍ր։ Ԩ ԇ Ԩ ԓ Ԩ ԧ ମԁ ‹• •ƒ–Ǧ
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‹•ϐ‹‡†Ǥ ˆ–‡” ‘•‘Ž‹†ƒ–‹‘ Šƒ• „‡‡ ‘’Ž‡–‡†ǡ ˆ‘” ԣ ͺǤͳ ‹—Žƒ–‹‘ •‡–—’
ԣ –Š‡ ’”‡˜‹‘—•Ž› ƒ –‹˜‡ ”‡†‡”‹‰ •‡”˜‹ ‡ ‘ ˆ‘‰ ‘†‡
஧
Ԩ ‹• ‘™ •™‹– Š‡† ‘ˆˆ ƒ† ”‡‘˜‡† ˆ”‘ ӻ ֎ ֏ φ ȋ ‹‡ ͵ͻȌǡ ‘ ‘’”‡Š‡•‹˜‡Ž› ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ’”‘’‘•‡† ǡ ™‡
‘ Ž—†‹‰ –Šƒ– Ӹ ֏ φ Ӹ ֏ Ǥ ‘•–”— – ˜ƒ”‹‘—• • ‘’”‹•‡† ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‘ ‰‡‘‡–”‹
տր֋և տր֋և
‰”ƒ’Š•ǡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ƒ ‘”ƒŽ‹œ‡† –‘’‘Ž‘‰› ੎ ‘ˆ ˆ‘‰
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‡ƒ ͷǤ Š‡ –‹‡ ‘’Ž‡š‹–› ‘ˆ ‹• ෮ ]ӻ ]ԃ ǡ ‘†‡•Ǥ Š”‡‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒš‹— ‘‡ –‹˜‹–› ”ƒ†‹—•
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™Š‡”‡ ԃ ƒš\]ᅮ Ԥ ] ૞Ԥ ୮ ԋ ^Ǥ ƒ”‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡† ‡š–ǡ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ ᅹ \ ^Ǥ ‹‡™‹•‡ǡ
”‘‘ˆǤ Š‡ ’”‘‘ˆ ‹• ‹ Ž—†‡† ‹ ’’‡†‹š ǤͻǤ ƒ ‘‡ –‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ ƒ› ’ƒ‹” ‘ˆ ‘†‡• Ԥ ԥ ୮ ԋ ‡š‹•–•
‘Ž› ‹ˆ Ԧ Ԥ ԥ ମ ᅹǤ Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡ „‡Š‹† –Š‹• ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š ‹•
ˆ ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡‡–‹‘‡† ”—Ž‡• ƒ”‡ ˜ƒŽ‹†ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ –‘ ‹””‘” • ‘ˆ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– †‡•‹–‹‡•ǡ ™Š‹ Š Š‘™‡˜‡” ƒ”‡
•‡”˜‹ ‡ ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹ ƒŽŽ› •–‘’• ”‡Ž‘ ƒ–‹‰ǡ ‡ƒ‹‰ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‡š’‡ –‡† –‘ Šƒ˜‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž› •ƒŽŽ •‹œ‡• ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ ™‹–Š‹ ƒ ‡šǦ
•‘Ž—–‹‘ Šƒ• „‡‡ ˆ‘—†Ǥ ‘–”ƒ”› –‘ –Š‹•ǡ ‹ˆ •‘‡ ‡–™‘” ‹•–‹‰ Ȍ ™‹–Š ƒ Ž‹‹–‡† —„‡” ‘ˆ ˆ‘‰ ‘†‡• ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡Ǥ
‘” –‘’‘Ž‘‰› Šƒ‰‡ ƒ‹ˆ‡•–• –Šƒ– ‹’ƒ –• –Š‡ —†‡”Ž›Ǧ —”–Š‡”ǡ ૞Ԥ୮ԋ ƒ ”ƒ†‘ ˜ƒŽ—‡ ‹• ƒ••‹‰‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡‹”
‹‰ ෲ෯• ‘” ƒ‰‰”‡‰ƒ–‡ ”‡†‡”‹‰ †‡ƒ†• ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ †—‡ –‘ ˆ‘‰ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ •‡”˜‹ ‡ ”‡†‡”‹‰ †‡ƒ†• ”ƒ–‡ǡ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ ԡ Ԥ ୮
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‘†‡ ‘„‹Ž‹–›Ȍ –Š‡ –Š‡ ’”‘ ‡•• ‹• ƒ‰ƒ‹ ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹ ƒŽŽ› ”‡Ǧ < >Ǥ Š‡ –‘’‘Ž‘‰› ƒ† ”‡†‡”‹‰ †‡ƒ†• ”‡ƒ‹ ϐ‹š‡†
•—‡†Ǥ Š‹• ƒ‡• ”‡•‹Ž‹‡– –‘ –Š‡ Š‹‰Š †›ƒ‹ ‹–› –Š”‘—‰Š‘—– –Š‡ •‹—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ ŽŽ ˆ‘‰ ‘†‡• ƒ ƒŽ•‘ Š‘•– ƒ
‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‘—†Ȁˆ‘‰ ‹‡”•‹˜‡ —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ •›•–‡• ƒ† ƒ’Ǧ ԢǤ Ž‡•• ‘–Š‡”™‹•‡ •–ƒ–‡†ǡ –Š”‡‡ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡•
’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ˆ‘” • ƒŽ‹‰ —’ ƒ† †‘™ –‘ ‡‡– –Š‡ —””‡– †‡Ǧ ƒ”‡ —•‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ Š‘•– ‘•– ƒ† —’’‡” Žƒ–‡ › „‘—†Ǣ –Šƒ– ‹•ǡ
ƒ†•Ǥ Ӹ ֎ փ֊֎֏ \ ^ ƒ† ԁ \ ^ ”‡Ǧ
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ࣞ ֏
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Š‡‘”‡ ͷǤ Š‡ ’”‘’‘•‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ Ǧ ‘Ǧ •’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ •–‹ƒ–‹‘• ”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ –Š‡ ԇ Ԥ ƒ† Ӹ ֍ր։ Ԥ ǡ
˜‡”‰‡• –‘ ƒ •‘Ž—–‹‘ ƒˆ–‡” ƒ ϔ‹‹–‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ –‹‡ •Ž‘–•Ǥ ૞Ԥ ୮ ԋ ǡ –ƒ‡ ’Žƒ ‡ ‘•‹†‡”‹‰ ƒ –‹‡ •Ž‘– ‘ˆ ԣ
•‡ ‘†•Ǥ ‡”˜‹ ‡ †ƒ–ƒ ϐŽ‘™• ‹ –Š‡ ‡–™‘” –‘™ƒ”†• –Š‡
”‘‘ˆǤ Š‡ ’”‘‘ˆ ‹• ‹ Ž—†‡† ‹ ’’‡†‹š ǤͳͲǤ ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ”‡†‡”‡”• ‘˜‡” ෲ෯• †‡”‹˜‡† ˆ”‘ ‹Œ•–”ƒǯ•
ƒŽ‰‘”‹–Šǡ ƒ ‘”†‹‰ –‘ ӹ Ԥ ԥ ǡ’‡” ԣǤ ƒ Š •‹—Žƒ–‹‘
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͹Ǥʹ ‹• —••‹‘ –‡”‹ƒ–‡• ƒ– ԣ ԉ •‡ ‘†•Ǥ  ‹‹–‹ƒŽ Ԣ ‹• ƒ”„‹Ǧ
Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ •‘‡ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡• ’‘•‡† „› –Š‡ †‡•‹‰ ‘ˆ –”ƒ”‹Ž› ‹•–ƒ–‹ƒ–‡† ‘ ƒ ”ƒ†‘ ˆ‘‰ ‘†‡ †—”‹‰ –Š‡
–Šƒ– —•– „‡ ‹†‡–‹ϐ‹‡† ƒ† ƒ”‡ „ƒ•‹ ƒŽŽ› –™‘ˆ‘Ž†Ǥ ‹Ȍ –• ‘•–”— –‹‘ǡ „‡ ‘‹‰ –Š‡ ϐ‹”•– ˆ‘‰ ”‡†‡”‡” ’Žƒ ‡‡–ǡ
Ј
†‹•–”‹„—–‡† ƒ–—”‡ ƒ› ƒŽŽ‘™ ˆ‘” ‘”‡ –Šƒ ‘‡ ˆ‘‰ ”‡Ǧ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ ]ӻ ] Ǥ ‹ˆˆ‡”‡– •‡‡†• ƒ”‡ –Š‡ —•‡† ’‡” ‡š’‡”‹Ǧ
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†‡”‡” –‘ •‹—Ž–ƒ‡‘—•Ž› ƒ––‡’– –‘ ƒ ‡•• –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ‡–ƒŽ ”— –‘ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡ ”ƒ†‘‡•• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‡–™‘” ƒ†
”‡•‘—” ‡ –Š”‘—‰Š ‹‰”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ”‡’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘”Ȁƒ† ‘•‘ŽǦ –‘’‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”•Ǥ
‹†ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‹• Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘ ƒ „‡ –ƒ Ž‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ”‡ˆ—Ž
•› Š”‘‹œƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‘†‡•ǡ –Š”‘—‰Šƒƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡‡–Ǧ ͺǤʹ ‹—Žƒ–‹‘ ”‡•—Ž–•
™‘” ’”‘–‘ ‘Žǡ –Šƒ– ™‹ŽŽ ˆ‘”„‹† ‡˜‡–• ˆ”‘ –ƒ‹‰ ’Žƒ ‡ ƒ– Š‡ •‹—Žƒ–‹‘ ”‡•—Ž–• ’”‡•‡–‡† ‡š– †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡ “—ƒŽǦ
–Š‡ •ƒ‡ –‹‡Ǥ ‹‹Ȍ ‡’‡†‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ ǯ• †‡•‹–›ǡ –Š‡ ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ•’‡ –• –‘ ‘ϐ‹” ‘—” ƒƒŽ›–‹ ƒŽ ϐ‹†‹‰•Ǥ Š‡
˜ƒŽ—‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ —’’‡” Žƒ–‡ › „‘—† ƒ† –Š‡ •‡”˜‹ ‡ Š‘•– ƒ‹ ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ ‹• –‘ •Š‘™ Š‘™ –‘–ƒŽ ‘•– ”‡†— –‹‘ ‹•
‘•–ǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• –Š‡ ‹‹–‹ƒŽ ’Žƒ ‡‡– ‘ˆ ”‡†‡”‹‰ •‡”˜‹ ‡•ǡ ƒ Š‹‡˜‡†ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ ‡‡–‹‰ –Š‡ ‰‹˜‡ ‘•–”ƒ‹–•ǡ ™Š‡ –Š‡
ƒ› ‘– ƒŽ™ƒ›• ”‡ƒ Š –Š‡ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ ‘’–‹ƒŽ „—– ‹•–‡ƒ† ‹• ‹’Ž‡‡–‡† —†‡” –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– • ‡ƒ”‹‘• ”‡Ǧ
’”‘˜‹†‡ ƒ •—„‘’–‹ƒŽ •‘Ž—–‹‘ ™Š‹ Šǡ Š‘™‡˜‡”ǡ Ž‘•‡Ž› ƒ’Ǧ փ֊֎֏ ƒ† ԁ ƒ•‡•Ǥ Š‡ ƒ’Ǧ
’”‘š‹ƒ–‡• –Š‡ ‘’–‹— •‘Ž—–‹‘ –‘ –Š‡ Ǧ Ǥ Š‡ Žƒ–Ǧ ‰ƒ”†‹‰ –Š‡ ‡–‹‘‡† ᅹ Ӹ ֎ ֎
’”‘ƒ Š ‹• ’”‹ƒ”‹Ž› –‘ ’”‡•‡– –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ‘ˆ ‹†‹˜‹†Ǧ
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–‡” ‘•– ‘ˆ–‡ ‘ —”• ‹ ‹” —•–ƒ ‡• ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ Ӹ տր֋և —ƒŽ ”—• ƒ† ”‡˜‡ƒŽ †‡–ƒ‹Ž• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ǯ• „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” –Šƒ–
†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡ǡ ԁ ‘’‡•ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† Ӹ ֏ ֋֍֊֑ ”‡†— –‹‘ •‡”‹‘—•Ž› ™‘—Ž† ‘– „‡ ˜‹•‹„Ž‡ ˜‹ƒ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡† ”‡•—Ž–•Ǥ ‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••ǡ
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‘–”ƒ†‹ – ‘‡ ƒ‘–Š‡”ǡ ƒ† –Š—• ƒ Š‹‡˜‹‰ ƒ –Š‹ „ƒŽƒ ‡ ƒ ‘’ƒ”‹•‘ ‘ˆ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡† ”‡•—Ž–• ƒ‰ƒ‹•– ‘’–‹ƒŽ •‘Ž—Ǧ
„‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ –Š”‡‡ ‹• ‡š–”‡‡Ž› ‘’Ž‡š ™‹–Š ’—”‡Ž› Ž‘Ǧ –‹‘•ǡ ‡ƒ•—”‡† „› –Š‡ ’–‹‹œ‡” •‘Ž˜‡”
ƒŽ‹œ‡† –‘’‘Ž‘‰› ‘™Ž‡†‰‡Ǥ ‘ ‹‹‹œ‡ Šƒ ‡• ‘ˆ ŠƒŽ–Ǧ
‹‰ ‹ Ž‘ ƒŽ ‹‹ƒǡ ™‡ ‘Œ‡ –—”‡ –Šƒ– ƒ ”‡Žƒšƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ʹ Š––’•ǣȀȀ‘‡–’’Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ†‘ —‡–ƒ–‹‘
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