Page 141 - Trust in ICT 2017
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Trust in ICT 2
As in science and engineering, media technology is to create cost-effective solutions to help human
intelligence by applying various scientific knowledge such as electronics, telecommunication, computer
science, mathematics, physics, material science, human-machine interaction, cognitive science, perception
psychology, sociology, and economics, etc. However, today's media technologies are mainly built on
electronic and computer systems, which are called digital media or multimedia. Digital media is stored in
compact disk – read-only memory (CD-ROMs), hard disks, and flash memory. Digital cameras and video
recorders are used to capture photos and record real scenes.
Online newspapers
An online newspaper is the online version of a newspaper, either as a stand-alone publication or as the
online version of a printed periodical. Online newspapers such as those competing with broadcast
journalism can present breaking news in a timelier manner. The credibility and strong brand recognition of
well-established newspapers are also seen by the newspaper industry as strengthening their chances of
survival. No printing process can help decrease costs.
Online newspapers are more or less like hard-copy newspapers and have the same legal boundaries, such as
laws regarding libel, privacy and copyright. A blog or a wiki is nevertheless not clear to the public. News
reporters are being taught to shoot videos and to write the Internet news pages. They attempt to write
stories for both print and online publications.
Wiki (as a kind of social media)
A wiki is a website which allows collaborative modification of its content and structure directly from the web
browser. "Wiki" is a Hawaiian word meaning "quick". Wikipedia is by far the most popular wiki-based
website, and is in fact one of the most widely-viewed sites of the world. In a typical wiki, text is written using
a simplified markup language, running on wiki software. There are at least tens of thousands of other wikis
in use, both public and private, including wiki functions as knowledge management resources, notetaking
tools, community websites and intranets. Some wiki engines are open source, whereas others are
proprietary. Some permit control over different functions (levels of access), for example, editing rights may
permit changing, adding or removing materials. Others may permit access without enforcing access control.
Other rules may also be imposed to organize contents. Ward Cunningham, the developer of the first wiki
software, WikiWikiWeb, originally described it as "the simplest online database that could possibly work."
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The essence of the wiki concept is as follows:
– "A wiki invites all users to edit any page or to create new pages within the wiki Web site, using only
a plain-vanilla Web browser without any extra add-ons.
– "Wiki promotes meaningful topic associations between different pages by making page link creation
almost intuitively easy and showing whether an intended target page exists or not.
– A wiki is not a carefully crafted site for casual visitors. Instead, it seeks to involve the visitor in an
ongoing process of creation and collaboration that constantly changes the website landscape."
"A wiki enables communities to write documents collaboratively, using a simple markup language and a web
browser." A single page in a wiki website is referred to as a "wiki page" which is usually well interconnected
by hyperlinks. "A wiki is essentially a database for creating, browsing, and searching through information." A
wiki allows evolving, complex, and networked texts with argument and interaction. A characteristic of wiki
technology is the ease to find which pages can be created and updated. Generally, there is no review before
modifications are accepted. "Many wikis are open to alteration by the public without requiring registration
of user accounts. Many edits can be made in real-time and appear almost instantly online. However, this
feature facilitates abuse of the system. Private wiki servers require user authentication to edit pages, and
sometimes even to read them."
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