Page 703 - Shaping smarter and more sustainable cities - Striving for sustainable development goals

 Anonymized method and level

In data anonymization, the method of anonymization and the level of the anonymization is matter
of concern to the data application providers and users. The level of anonymization could impact on
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the information loss of data . The information loss is an index of similarity with the original plain
data. The information could be changed or lost in anonymizing data, and information loss gives the
level of the change or loss. The existing anonymization method and its level will be described in
section 8.

2.2 The objective of open data

In the open government point of view, the objective is to build more transparent, participatory and
collaborative administration. However, in SSC, three other objectives should also be emphasized,
one is to inspire innovation in the data industry and to create new businesses and building industry
chain. The second is to discover deeply hidden relationships from multisource data. The third is to
facilitate the citizen living with innovative applications of open data. Open data reduces barrier and
cost for entrepreneurs and a new industrial chain of data consumption is built by combining the
efforts of data creators, data collectors, data exchangers and data consumers in more efficient way.
Innovation takes place in the new industry driven by open data and original applications are created
that change the living. Open data and the open data driven‐industry creates tremendous economic
value. A report by Lateral Economics show that open data will lead to a gross domestic product
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(GDP) increase of 13 trillion USD for G20 countries between 2015‐2020 . The McKinsey Global
Institute (MGI) predict that open data will increase direct and indirect benefits up to 3‐5 trillion USD
per year 19 in seven areas including education, health, and transportation. Open Gov Data in
European Union (EU) would increase business activity by up to €40 billion/year

Open data can help to make better decisions in one’s life. It may also enable individuals to be more
active in society. A woman in Denmark built findtoilet.dk, which showed all the Danish public toilets,
so that people she knew with bladder problems could now trust themselves to go out more. In the
Netherlands a service, vervuilingsalarm.nl, is available which warns you with a message if the air‐
quality in your vicinity is going to reach a self‐defined threshold tomorrow. In New York, one may
easily find out where to walk one’s dog, as well as find other people who use the same parks.
Services like 'mapumental' in the UK and ' mapnificent' in Germany allow you to find places to live,
taking into account the duration of the individual’s commute to work, housing prices, and
attractiveness of the residential compound. GoodGuide 20 [4‐4] take advantages of open data
provides ratings for over 210,000 products. WeatherBill, the climate corporation based in San
Francisco, use open data help farmers around the world adapt to climate change and increase their
crop yields(see also Section 8.1). All the aforementioned examples use open data. The NYU's GovLab
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launches Open Data 500 , which is first comprehensive study of U.S. companies including examples
of 500 companies that use open government data to generate new business and develop new
products and services.
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17 Yuichi Nakamura, Kanae Matsui and Hiroaki Nishi, Anonymization Infrastructure for Secondary Use of Data, ICOMP'14
‐ The 2014 International Conference on Internet Computing and Big Data, 2014.
18 Please see: http://opendatachina.com/the‐business‐case‐for‐open‐data/(2014).
19 Joel Gurin, Open Data Now: The Secret to Hot Startups, Smart Investing, Savvy Marketing, and Fast Innovation,
McGraw‐Hill Professional.
20 Good guide, www.goodguide.com (2014).

21 Open Data 500, www.opendata500.com (2014).

ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications 693