Page 698 - Shaping smarter and more sustainable cities - Striving for sustainable development goals

1 Introduction

1.1 Scope

This Technical Report proposes a summarized introduction on open data in smart sustainable cities
and characterizes open data in smart sustainable cities based on the following six aspects (i) the
demand of open data; (ii) the framework of open data; (iii) the constraint of open data; (iv) the
technology of open data;(v) the management of open data; (vi) application examples of open data..
The target audience for this report include:

 City officials
 Town planners
 Enterprise manager
 Developers

 Infrastructure providers
 Service providers

 Network operators
 Citizens
This report provides guidance on implementation and promotes efficient deployment of open data
in smart sustainable cities.

1.2 Background

Data is an extremely broad term, only slightly less vague than the nearly all‐encompassing term
information. Broadly speaking, data is structured information with potential for meaning.
Open data is data that can be freely used, re‐used and redistributed by anyone – subject only, at
most, to the requirement to attribute and share alike.

The term "open data" was initially used in the natural science field. The term was used to indicate
basic and untreated scientific data. The first recognition of the use of "open data" to refer to a policy
context, defining a scientific policy for a research project, was in the 1970s, during an international
1
collaboration project in NASA . The term “open data” becomes popular with the launch of open‐
2 3
data government initiatives such as Data.gov and Data.gov.uk .
Currently, open data is an international movement that certain data should be freely available to
everyone to use and republish as they wish, without restrictions of copyright, patents or other
mechanisms of control. “Open” in this context usually refers to machine processed online resources
that are easy to access and are put under free licenses. These free licenses enable the re‐use of data
by anyone for any purpose at no charge, requiring at most attribution.

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1 Yu, H.M.‐T. 2012. Designing Software to Shape Open Government Policy. Princeton University.

2 Parks, W. 1957. Open Government Principle: Applying the Right to Know Under the Constitution. The George
Washington Law Review. 26, 1 (1957), 1–22.
3 Nigel Shadbolt, Kieron O’Hara, Tim Berners‐Lee, Nicholas Gibbins, Hugh Glaser, Wendy Hall and m.c. schraefel; Linked
Open Government Data: Lessons from Data.gov.uk; IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, May‐June 2012 16‐24 (Volume:27,
Issue: 3).

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