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3.3 Technical specifications for fusion process

There are two technical specifications for fusion process, namely resource and toponym matching
specification as well as resource and map fusion specification. Only the aspects of the resource and
toponym matching specification are explained in detail: background, scope, and content.

3.3.1 Resource and toponym matching specification

3.3.1.1 Background
Toponym is important in the GIS databases, and it can assist users in the searching, interpreting and
analyzing of the geographic data. Meanwhile, in the Internet of things and construction of smart
cities, the scanning, imaging and radar type sensors, aerial and space images as well as ground‐
based observations, and disaster, accident calamity, public hygiene event as well as welfare event
are all carriers of information resources. However, they lack the association with the actual place
names, resulting in the difficulty of being applied in the smart sustainable cities. The research of
how to match up and fuse nodes, sensors, observations, and events with toponym database is able
to label geographic locations, and is beneficial to the unified management, efficient discovery, time
and space pattern mining, as well as visualization for all these observation resources. The technical
specification for resource and toponym database matching in the integrated management for smart
sustainable cities is designed to formulate a unified and efficient workflow to realize the fusion of
resources and their toponym. Through the fusion, the actual place names can be assigned to the
corresponding nodes, sensors, observations and events, which will assist in expressing and
understanding the observation information.

3.3.1.2 Scope

The technical specification for resources and the toponym database matching in IMSSC provides a
unified workflow for observation resources matching up with the toponym database, including
matching the nodes, sensors, observations and event resources up with the toponym database. The
technical specification is limited to matching nodes, sensors, observations and event resources up
with the toponym database. However, the structure and characteristics information of the
resources and toponym database themselves as well as the data processing method and service are
not included.

The interface specification of fusion process can be used to provide technical guidance for matching
the observation resources up with the toponym database, add and correct positions for observation
resources, implement quality supervision as well as efficient management for resources and
toponym and so on. The concrete application scope is depicted in Figure 15.

ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications 669