ITU160 Partner submission: Kyrgyz Republic

Keeping space sustainable

Submitted by:

By Manas Okonov, Head of Department, Communications Networks and Switching Systems, and A. A. Sagymbev, Department Professor, Communications Networks and Switching Systems, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Kyrgyz Republic

Over ITU’s 160 years, it has made significant contributions to communications technologies, including in the space sector.

Space provides opportunities for scientific research, global monitoring, and commercial activities – if we manage debris, collision risks, and satellite system security. More than 36,000 large debris objects are currently in low Earth orbit, according to the European Space Agency, and the number of launches continues to grow, such as large-scale satellite deployment projects.

Space sustainability challenges

  • Space debris. More satellites and rocket launches contribute to space debris, posing threats to active satellites and space missions. 
  • Collision risks. The density of objects in low Earth orbit is growing, increasing the likelihood of collisions and the creation of additional debris. 
  • Lack of international regulation. Despite existing agreements such as the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, there is no unified system to manage orbital space usage. 
  • Cybersecurity threats and safety. Satellites and ground infrastructure are vulnerable to cyberattacks, which could disrupt communication and navigation systems. 
  • Economic disparity. Space technologies remain predominantly accessible to developed nations, creating a gap in the ability to use space resources. 

Tips for sustainable skies

Space challenges are global, and matter to us all. Using space can benefit all humanity, but international cooperation is essential to improve technologies and set strict standards for responsible use. ITU can play a key role in coordinating efforts towards a sustainable future in space. We recommend: 

  • International standards. Unified regulations reduce debris accumulation, including mandatory deorbiting of satellites at the end of their service life. 
  • Orbital debris removal technologies. Robotic manipulators, laser-based technologies and other removal systems significantly reduce debris. 
  • Orbital space monitoring. Better ground- and space-based observation systems can prevent collisions. 
  • International cooperation. Data-sharing platforms between countries and companies improve transparency and coordination. 
  • Security investment. Cybersecurity measures for satellite systems, and backup communication systems are essential. 
  • Accessibility for developing countries. Support to train specialists and provide access to space technologies can extend benefits more widely. 

Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of ITU or imply endorsement.