Governing the Systemic Impacts of AI Where Regulation Doesn't Reach: Standardised Commitments and Lateral Requirements across Value Chains
AI Commons (AIC) Framework Working Group, Centre Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies (CLEA), Free University of Brussels (VUB)
Session 337
Presentation of the AI Commons (AIC) Framework
Much of the AI governance landscape is converging on a shared agenda: making AI systems safe, lawful, and accountable. These are goals regulation is built to pursue, through standards, requirements, and enforcement that apply across systems alike. Beyond them lies a second set of concerns that an approach through regulation does not reach as well, because the outcome is not a uniform threshold but a distribution that takes shape between parties: what a system consumes to run and whether the effects it produces are worth that draw, who captures the value AI generates and who bears its costs, whose data, labour, and compute a system is built on and on what terms, who has a real say in what it is designed to do, and whether the communities it acts on keep standing as its terms change. Such concerns cannot be settled by requirements set in advance for all AI systems within a jurisdiction; they are configured dynamically, as value chains form and relate to their social, economic, and natural environments, often cross-border. This is the domain of private ordering: the configuring is done through business decisions, taken privately and in commercial interest, with no party charged with the public-interest stakes. Each party answers for its own deal; no one answers for the pattern those deals add up to, and so the shape that forms across the economy appears as nobody's responsibility. Yet it is a governance domain in everything but vocabulary: decisions of real public consequence are taken in it continuously, with no shared instrumentarium for making their public consequences legible and governable.
The AI Commons (AIC) Framework is a proposal for those instruments. It draws on the Creative Commons and open-source precedent — standardised, voluntarily adopted terms that became systemic through accumulation and ordinary legal enforceability, without statutory mandate — and extends the same mechanism to the conditions of AI deployments. An adopter composes a commitment from a set of profiles — Reciprocity, Sustainability, Openness, Governance, Access, Value — and writes it into the contracts a capability already travels under. Once there, the commitment can extend as a requirement on others in the value chain, so a standardised commitment at one node can become a lateral requirement at the next, and coordination accumulates without any central mandate. Each profile sets the terms of one relation between a deployment and the world around it. A system is built on data, labour, and knowledge that others supplied; Reciprocity recognises those upstream contributions and returns part of the value the system generates to the people behind them, whose continued work it still draws on. It consumes energy and compute to run and leaves an environmental footprint; Sustainability measures that impact at each node and weighs it against the real-world effects of what the system does, holding the deployment to a net balance that is neutral at the least and regenerative where it can be. Openness requires operational transparency, so that an independent party can examine how the system actually behaves. Governance gives the communities and stakeholders a system materially affects a standing place in the decisions that shape how it works and how it changes. Access keeps the capability openly available, across user types and regardless of ability to pay. Value routes a share of the gains automation produces into an unconditional basic income that, aggregated across many adopters, reaches the wider community.
The framework's wider relevance to WSIS is that, because these are contract terms, they work inside the legal and commercial structures every country already has, and travel through cross-border value chains without requiring jurisdictions to align their laws. That makes the framework an implementation pathway that does not depend on national regulatory infrastructure: a procurer or an innovator in any region can begin to govern AI's impact now, without waiting for regulation to reach these questions. It is one concrete route toward the goal this week's gathering shares — an AI transition whose benefits reach all, not only the most technologically advanced.
-
C1. The role of governments and all stakeholders in the promotion of ICTs for development
-
C3. Access to information and knowledge
-
C6. Enabling environment
-
C10. Ethical dimensions of the Information Society
The session speaks most directly to four Action Lines. Its central contribution is to C1: the framework redraws where responsibility for AI's societal impact sits. The interaction layer where that impact is configured has had the structure of a tragedy of the commons — each actor optimises its own position, the aggregate turns harmful, and the burden of correction is left to public institutions that cannot reach into private contracts. AIC changes this by letting stakeholders take on a share of that responsibility directly, through commitments they write into the agreements they already make, so that governance becomes something the actors in a value chain participate in rather than something offloaded onto government alone. This is what gives the Action Line's developmental purpose a concrete mechanism: when the parties who build and deploy AI share responsibility for how its value and costs fall, the technology can be promoted as a force for development that reaches across countries and communities, not only those already best placed to capture its gains.
The framework also advances C6 (Enabling environment) as its core: it operates through ordinary contract law and voluntary adoption, inside the legal and commercial structures that already exist, and requires no new legislation or international agreement. It serves C10 (Ethical dimensions) by making the distributional, environmental, and participatory consequences of AI into terms that can be addressed deliberately. And it supports C3 (Access to information and knowledge) through its commitments to open availability of AI capabilities and to operational transparency, keeping access from being enclosed and keeping a system's workings open to scrutiny.
-
Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere
-
Goal 8: Promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all
-
Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
-
Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries
-
Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
-
Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
-
Goal 16: Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies
The framework's profiles each translate a development concern into a commitment an adopter writes into the contracts an AI capability travels under — and that can extend along the value chain in both directions, downstream to those who build on the capability and upstream to the suppliers behind it, as a requirement on others. Across the framework, this makes the commercial relationships through which AI is produced and used answerable for their consequences, so that effects ordinarily externalised are accounted for within the relationships that generate them. AIC is itself an innovation in how AI is governed: a standardised, composable instrument that works through ordinary contracts, requiring no new institutions to build. This contribution to innovation in the digital economy is its link to SDG 9 (industry, innovation and infrastructure).
On the environmental side, the Sustainability profile addresses both SDG 12 (sustainable consumption and production patterns) and SDG 13 (climate action). For SDG 12, it commits an adopter to sustainable practice in how AI is produced and used and to accounting for it openly — the kind of corporate sustainability practice and reporting the goal asks of companies. For SDG 13, it sets a sharper bar: a deployment commits to a net environmental balance — its own footprint, the compute and energy it draws, weighed against the effects of what it does once in operation, the real-world processes it shapes — neutral at minimum, and regenerative where feasible. Each node accounts for its own closure; scoped upstream, the same commitment becomes a condition on suppliers, so a balanced chain accumulates node by node. Climate action of this depth has to be built in at the level where environmental effects are actually configured — the individual deployment — rather than declared for a sector from above. Few deployments could meet this standard today, but it names what genuine sustainability in AI deployment actually requires.
On the social side, the Governance profile addresses SDG 16, target 16.7 (responsive, inclusive, and participatory decision-making at all levels) by giving the communities a system affects a place in the decisions that shape it. The Reciprocity profile addresses SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth), directing recognition and a share of value back to the human labour, data, and knowledge AI is built on, and on whose continued contribution it depends. And the Value profile addresses SDG 10 (reduced inequality within and among countries) directly, working against the concentration of AI's gains, and reaches toward SDG 1 (no poverty) by building a basic-income floor from a share of automation's gains.
What links these otherwise distant goals is a shared structure. The social harms and the ecological ones alike are systemic — they form from the accumulation of countless operational decisions across the economy, generated continuously and pushed outside the deals that cause them, so that no single actor is answerable and no authority standing outside can fully reach them. This is why neither yields to remedy after the fact: relief struggles to keep pace with poverty the economy is producing continuously, as a carbon tally struggles to undo emissions already released. The common requirement is to carry the concern inside the relationships that generate it — at every step, in every deployment, by the parties who shape it — and to do so the same way whether the concern is the distribution of value or the cost to the living world.
The AI transition is enlarging the productive capacity of the economy on a scale that carries a corresponding responsibility: that its gains help secure the most basic ends of development, and that its costs not fall on those with the least say or on the natural world. The AI Commons is still a proposal. But it points toward a development that societies could build from within, deal by deal, as a dynamic of their own making.
- Objective 1: Close all digital divides and accelerate progress across the Sustainable Development Goals
- Objective 2: Expand inclusion in and benefits from the digital economy for all
- Objective 5: Enhance international governance of artificial intelligence for the benefit of humanity
AI Commons (AIC) Framework Working Group, Centre Leo Apostel (CLEA), Free University of Brussels (VUB): https://clea.research.vub.be/aic
References
Lenartowicz, E. M. (2026). The AI Commons Framework: Private ordering as systemic co-regulation across AI value chains [Manuscript submitted for publication]. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://ssrn.com/abstract=6914804
Lenartowicz, E. M. (2025). AI Commons (AIC) licence suite: A modular framework for impact-oriented AI governance. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5848523