Page 27 - Methodology to assess Net Zero progress in cities

reduction in its carbon emissions per GDP from its 2005 level of around 5.5 GtCO e. Achieving
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China's 2030 target corresponds to approximately 10 GtCO in 2030. This estimate is highly
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sensitive to assumptions related to GDP growth in China. Since China's NDC includes only CO
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emissions, according to the extended analysis of all greenhouse gas emissions (including methane
and nitrous oxide) that was included in this report, China's GHG emissions in 2030 may reach
12.6 GtCO e, from 6.8 GtCO e in 2005. This is broadly similar to the greenhouse emissions level
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today at 11.7 GtCO e. Based on its NDC, China's emissions are estimated to grow by +0.6 per cent
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CAGR from 2018 to 2030. From 2030 to 2060, this implies a −11.1 per cent CAGR is necessary to
hit lifecycle by 2060. Over the entire period from 2018 to 2060, emissions would need to decline
by −8.7 per cent CAGR.

3.2.5 India's results for Net Zero targets by 2050

Since India's initial NDC in 2016, the country has yet to submit an updated NDC beyond a pledge
made by President Modi at COP26 on 2 November 2021, which declared the following:

1 Achieve Net Zero emissions by 2070.

2 Reduce emissions intensity of GDP by 45 per cent in 2030 from 2005 levels.

3 Reduce emissions by one billion tons by 2030.
4 Generate 50 per cent of energy from renewable resources by 2030.

Thus far, the emissions intensity of India's GDP has decreased by 12 per cent between 2005
and 2010. Overall, estimates produced in this analysis show India's emissions increasing from
3.4 GtCO e in 2018 to 4.5 GtCO e in 2030 (i.e., a 32 per cent increase). Based on its NDC, India's
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emissions are estimated to increase by +2.5 per cent CAGR from 2018 to 2030. From 2030 to 2070,
this implies a −9.0 per cent CAGR is necessary to hit life cycle by 2070. Over the entire period from
2018 to 2070, emissions would need to decline by −7.5 per cent CAGR.

This analysis revealed that the unconditional NDCs of economies with 2050 Net Zero pledges
could lead to a 27 per cent reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 relative to 2015. In contrast,
countries with post-2050 Net Zero pledges are projected to increase their emissions by 10 per
cent between 2015 and 2030, resulting in a net global emissions reduction of 9 per cent during
this period. (Glynn et al., 2022).

3.3 Strategic performance assessment

According to strategic management literature, a strategy is specified with strategic targets, which in
turn are specified with strategic objectives, whose establishment is measured with specific metrics.

Objectives are extremely useful because they transform strategic vision into measurable targets,
enable progress/performance measurement, and oblige the organization to focus. The objectives'
measurement supports the stakeholders' and employees' satisfaction, establishes the activities'

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