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(OTFDM) framework. The CCDF of PAPR for various
modulation schemes using OTFDM, with 5% and 10%
spectrum extension, is depicted in Figures 5 and 6,
respectively. The PAPR gain resulted because of OTFDM is
summarized in Table 5. This PAPR reduction can be
leveraged to minimize PA back-off, resulting in higher
transmission power, extended coverage, and improved
energy efficiency.

Figure 6 – PAPR of OTFDM with different
modulations and 10% spectrum extension.
Table 5 – PAPR gain of OTFDM compared to DFT-
s-OFDM RS Overhead: The receiver performance of OTFDM is
determined by the RS overhead, RS CP size, and the excess
BW of the spectrum shaping filter. Table 6 shows the RS+RS
CP+RS CS requirement for 120KHz SCS to ensure that the
receiver does not experience error floors and the BLER
performance is acceptable. Table 7 shows the simulation
parameters used in conducting link level evaluation and
Figure 7 shows the BLER performance for different
modulation types. It is observed that with a properly
designed RS and the associated CP, channel estimation and
equalization can be performed on per-symbol basis

Figure 4 – PAPR of DFT-s-OFDM

Table 6 – RS overhead requirement for each modulation
scheme with 120KHz subcarrier spacing.

2.2 Block Error Rate (BLER) Analysis

This section presents BLER vs. SNR plots for various
configurations. The simulation settings used in the analysis
are detailed in Table 7. The analysis focuses on a system with
one transmitter and one receiver. Performance is evaluated
using a Tapped Delay Line (TDL) channel model with
normalized delay spread of 10 ns and the results are
presented in Figure 7a. Further, Figure 7b presents the BLER
performance of OTFDM in High-Speed Train (HST) channel
model at a speed of 1000 Km/h. It can be observed that the
Figure 5 – PAPR of OTFDM with different proposed OTFDM can support user speeds up to 1000 Km/h
modulations and 5% spectrum extension. even for higher order modulations such as 256-QAM.

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