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APPENDIX



                                                               3GPP       3rd Generation Partnership Project

                                                               pi/2-BPSK  pi/2-Binary Phase Shift Keying

                                                               ACLR       Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio
                                                               ARS        Additional Reference Signals

                                                               BLER       Block Error Rate

                                                               CCDF       Complementary  Cumulative  Distribution
                                                                          Function
           Figure 14 – UL Link Budget for indoor UEs (RMa)
                                                               CP         Cyclic Prefix

                                                               CS         Cyclic Suffix

                 5.  CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK                CSI        Channel State Information

           This  paper  presents  a  comprehensive  exploration  of  key   DFT-s-  Discrete    Fourie   Transform-spread-
           candidate  technologies  for  6G  systems,  with  a  particular   OFDM   Orthogonal    Frequenc   Division
           focus on Orthogonal Time Frequency Division Multiplexing       Multiplexing
           (OTFDM)  and  Structural  MIMO  (S-MIMO).  OTFDM
           addresses  the  limitations  of  traditional  OFDM,  offering   DFT   Discrete Fourier Transform
           enhanced  power  efficiency,  low  PAPR,  and  improved
           simultaneous transmission of reference signals and data. S-  DL   Downlink
           MIMO,  on  the  other  hand,  provides  significant
           advancements  in  network  capacity  through  its  innovative   EVM   Error Vector Magnitude
           antenna arrangements, enabling comprehensive 360-degree
           coverage.  The  significant  improvements  in  the  achievable   FFT   Fast Fourier Transform
           capacity and coverage with both these technologies positions
           them  as  critical  enablers  for  meeting  the  stringent   IFFT   Inverse FFT
           requirements of IMT-2030.
                                                               IMT        International Mobile Telecommunications
           Future directions:
                                                               ISI        Inter Symbol interference
           In OTFDM, the inherent support for multi-user MIMO (MU-  ITU  WP  International  Telecommunications  Union
           MIMO) is relatively constrained. However, there is potential   5D   Working Party 5D
           to optimize OTFDM, particularly in uplink transmissions, to
           enhance its spatial multiplexing capability. By improving the   MIMO   Multiple Input Multiple Output
           MU-MIMO capacity, OTFDM can become more efficient
           and scalable in high-density network scenarios. In the case   OTFDM   Orthogonal Time Frequency Multiplexing
           of  S-MIMO,  the  large  number  of  antennas  leads  to  a
           significant  increase  in  computational  complexity  for   PA   Power Amplifier
           baseband signal processing, which in turn raises hardware
           costs and maintenance requirements. To mitigate this, low-  PAPR   Peak to Average Power Ratio
           complexity  baseband  algorithms  can  be  developed  to
           efficiently  estimate  channel  characteristics  and  compute   PRB   Physical Resource Block
           precoding weights.
                                                               QAM        Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

                                                               QPSK       Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

                                                               RS         Reference Signals

                                                               S-MIMO     Structural-Multiple Input Multiple Output






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