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1 Motivation
Population, climate, economic and other factors promote the continuous development of cities. The development of cities is one of important drivers for the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The prosperity of cities needs support from existing IoT, evolving IoT (catering to new city requirements and adopting new technologies) and flexible, scalable, reliable and compatible interworking among existing IoT and evolving ones.
With the development of cities, decentralization/distribution has become a new demand for interoperability between IoT systems, as it can not only maintain the independence of existing IoT systems, but also promote collaboration between existing IoT systems and evolving IoT systems and between different existing/evolving IoT systems, contributing to enhancing the efficiency of digital services.
Decentralized/distributed IoT aims to enhance the features of IoT, including but not limited to openness, transparency, and reliability. These features may promote IoT integration with emerging technologies (including but not limited to blockchain/distributed ledger technologies (DLT), federated learning, and Web 3.0 related technologies) that can empower the city development to be more intelligent and sustainable. Decentralization can not only reduce the power of a single centre, increase the reliability and security of IoT systems, but also it can also improve the efficiency of resource utilization, as it allows for collaborative computing and storage on different nodes, thus helping in reducing resource waste and making the decision process more efficient.
In smart sustainable cities and communities, the special challenges that may need to be faced by decentralized/distributed IoT include but are not limited to: instability of IoT network connections, power consumption and energy waste, limited storage and computing resources, and security threats in multiple domains (devices, local area networks, public networks, edge computing assets, cloud computing assets, middle ware and applications) with zero trust or weak trust. Open-source efforts may benefit decentralized/distributed IoT related implementations.
This Question addresses use cases, requirements, capabilities, frameworks, architectures, functional entities, data models, APIs, protocols, QoS/QoE and assessment method of decentralized/distributed IoT.
2 Question
Study items include, but are not limited to:
- What benefits can decentralized/distributed IoT bring to IoT stakeholders, including, but not limited to, enhancements to the efficiency of digital services?
- What are the use cases and best practices for decentralization in the IoT and SSC&C?
- What are the requirements and capabilities of decentralized/distributed IoT? What are the corresponding frameworks and architectures?
- What are the functional entities, data models, APIs and protocols of decentralized/distributed IoT?
- What are the QoS/QoE requirements of decentralized/distributed IoT and how to guarantee them?
- What are the assessment methods of decentralized/distributed IoT?
3 Tasks
Tasks include, but are not limited to:
- Developing Recommendations, reports, guidelines, etc. as appropriate on:
" development of Recommendations pertaining to the study items above as needed;
" development of non-normative deliverables pertaining to the study items above as needed;
" maintenance of Recommendations and non-normative texts under the responsibility of the Question.
An up-to-date status of work under this Question is contained in the SG20 work programme (https://www.itu.int/ITU-T/workprog/wp_search.aspx?sp=18&q=9/20).
4 Relationships
Recommendations:
- ITU-T Y-series Recommendations addressing blockchain, DLT, decentralization/distribution, and federated learning (including Y.4560, Y.4561, Y.4464, Y.4491, Y.4483, Y.4486, Y.4492, Y.4494, Y.4052) and Y-series Supplement 62
Questions:
- All Questions of SG20
Study groups:
- ITU-T SG17 (in particular, Q14/17 on distributed ledger technology (DLT) security)
- ITU-T SG21 (in particular, Q12/21 on multimedia aspects of distributed ledger technologies and related services)
- ITU-T SG13
- ITU-T SG12
- ITU-T SG2
Other bodies:
- ISO TC307
- Open & Agile Smart Cities (OASC)
WSIS Action Lines:
- C1, C2, C3, C5, C6, C7, C9, C10, C11
Sustainable Development Goals:
- 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17
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