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•  Cost-efficiency: Provides common cross-department/cross-agency capabilities, which avoids
                duplication of efforts reduces the cost to develop new e-Government services.
            •  Real economic return: Provides socio-economic ROI by enabling faster and closer connections
                from the government to address the needs of citizens and businesses.

            •  ONE Government: Enables service delivery that links and invokes different parts of government,
                providing a connected, consistent and seamless user experience.
            •  Agility + Responsiveness: Enable governments to design and deliver new services quickly to
                respond to needs and unexpected circumstances (e.g., global pandemics and disasters).

            •  Integration + exchange: Enables integrated transactions and exchange of information across
                other equivalent stacks and systems through standards and open APIs.
            •  Harmonized policies: Opens possibilities for aggregation of Big Data for richer insights that
                would help develop better non-conflicting policies and monitor operations.

            •  Minimized vendor lock-in: Minimizes product “lock-in” and allows independent services to run
                where modular Building Blocks could be replaced without impacting the overall experience.

            Figure 47 shows a general outline that relates the generic IT architecture of the city along with the
            GovStack reference model and SDG Digital Investment Framework. The four layers depicted: SDG
            Targets, Use Cases, Workflows, and ICT Building Blocks



            Figure 47: City IT architecture & GovStack approach


                              Registration  Messaging  Scheduling  Security
              Mobility   Lighting   Payments  Information   eMarketplace  GIS
                                        mediator
               Mng.   Mng.
                             Identification &   Client case   Collaboration   Analytics &
                             Authentication  management  management  Business
                                                          intelligence
               Waste   Environm  eLearning  Reporting &   Content   Data
               Mng.   ental             dashboards  management  collection
                             Shared data                   Artificial
                             repositories  Digital registries  Terminology  intelligence
                               Consent   Mobility  Workflow and
              Air Quality  Sanitation  management  management  algorithm

                                              Common
                                              Services
                                              support
                                                 Data /
                Audit                           knowleddge
                Mngm.                                   Interface   Interoperability  Functions
                OA&M  City IT Architecture (Data management &Common Systems)



            7.4     GovStack software components (Building Blocks)

            Building Blocks are software modules that can be deployed and combined in a standardized manner.
            Each Building Block can work independently. Building Blocks are composable, interoperable




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