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Extended reality – How to boost quality of experience and interoperability




            Table 5 – 5G video transmission network peak control   during video transmission increases  by  100%  percent  the
                       technology application effect          number of 5G terminal accesses and bandwidth utilization
                                                              under 5G base stations and facilitates the large-scale
                     Stream size         4M     8M    12M     promotion of 5G video surveillance scenarios.
             The maximum number of roads
              that can be accessed in a full   13   6   4                      REFERENCES
                      collision
                                                              [1]   ZHOU Y Q, TIAN L, LIU L, et al. Fog computing
               The maximum number of                                enabled future mobile communication  networks: a
             channels that can be accessed in   30   17   10        convergence of communication and computing[J].
                   staggered peaks                                  IEEE Communications Magazine, 2019, 57(5): 20-
             The increase rate of the number                        27.
                 of accessible channels   130%   183%   150%
                                                              [2]   BARBAROSSA      S,  SARDELLITTI     S,  DI
                Full collision bandwidth                            LORENZO P.  Communicating While Computing:
                     utilization        34.7%   32%   32%           distributed mobile cloud  computing over 5G
             Staggered bandwidth utilization   80%   90.7%   80%    heterogeneous networks[J]. IEEE Signal Processing
                                                                    Magazine, 2014, 31(6): 45-55.
                 Bandwidth utilization
                  improvement rate      130%   183%   150%    [3]   PATEL M. Mobile-edge computing introductory
                                                                    technical white paper [R]. 2014.
           In the campus video surveillance environment, the cameras
           with seven channels of 1080P stream have been measured   [4]  White Paper. 5G ToB Service Experience
           for more than 100 times. The highest peak rate (7 channels   Standard[R]. 2021.
           full collision) before the application of the network  peak
           control technology is 73.2Mbps. After the application of the   [5]  Guobo Zhang, Xuan Zhang, Chongrong Li. A study
           network peak control technology (I-frame without collision),   of stream smoothing methods for  network video
           the peak rate is stable at about 37.4Mbps, which is basically   surveillance system[J]. J. Huazhong Univ. of Sci. &
           close to the theoretical values of 78.4Mbps and 35.2Mbps for   Tech. (Natural Science Edition). 2016.
           seven  cameras concurrently.  In practical applications, the
           peak rate drops by 49%.                            [6]   Gongyu JIN, Xiaoyong WU, etc. A rate adaptation
                                                                    algorithm  for  real-time  video  streaming[J].
                          4.  CONCLUSION                            JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION UNIVERSITY
                                                                    OF CHINA (SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY).
           With the widespread deployment of 5G networks around the   2022.
           world, 5G applications in various vertical industries have
           gradually entered the stage of large-scale deployment from   [7]  CHEN Y, QING J M, LIN B Y, LIU C Q. Research
           pilot  demonstrations.  In  the  campus  video  surveillance   of keyframe extraction technology in massive video
           scenario, the solution based on 5G networks  has the     data analysis[J]. Electronics  World, 2018(18):164-
           advantages of rapid deployment and temporary deployment   165.
           and control compared with the traditional wired solution.
           However, during large-scale deployment, it encounters the   [8]  Zhang X L, Li Y, Zhao Y J. Key frame extraction for
           problems  of large network  peak fluctuations and difficult   SLAM based on spatio-temporal slices[J]. Journal of
           network  resource planning. 5G wireless bandwidth,       System Simulation, 2018, 30(05):1724-1729.
           especially uplink bandwidth resources are precious. How to
           use wireless bandwidth resources more effectively in   [9]  CAI X H, HUA N, WU D, CHEN W Z. Distributed
           practical applications is very important in terms  of    video analysis decoupling  mechanism based on
           commercial implementation and technical feasibility.     keyframe[J]. Video Engineering,  2015,  39(14):1-
                                                                    4+20.
           The  severe  fluctuation  of network  peaks  in  5G  video
           surveillance scenarios is largely caused by the collision of I-
           frames during multichannel  video transmission. Network
           peak control in 5G video transmission scenarios, based on
           key technologies such as  I-frame collision detection,
           network  peak shift scheduling, etc.,  through the  MEC
           external interface, the network data and video management
           system are opened up to form the linkage between  5G
           network and video management applications, which can
           effectively smooth multiple channels. When the number of
           terminal devices is above 7 channels, the network peak value





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