Page 110 - Kaleidoscope Academic Conference Proceedings 2021

2021 ITU Kaleidoscope Academic Conference

goal of these efforts, addressing different aspects of terms of latency, jitter, security and reliability in large-scale
networking including requirements, architecture and networks.
protocols, is to enrich the network with new capabilities,
such as, but not limited to, large-scale time-deterministic Key network requirements include:
transmission, flexible addressing and routing, and increased  Low latency (from sub-ms to 10 ms [6], [5])
security and privacy, which can address the challenges of
emerging and future industrial applications.  Time synchronization (deterministic latency)
 Small and bounded jitter (sub-µs level)
Section 2 of this paper introduces some emerging industrial  High security and reliability [5]
applications expected to be largely deployed in future
industrial networks (in the context of a wide spectrum of  Large-scale deterministic networking support
relevant application scenarios, the selected ones are aimed
to highlight key network requirements), and it identifies 2.1.2 Smart grid applications
critical network challenges for their support. Section 3
describes some fundamental advances in terms of Traditional power grids are gradually evolving towards a
networking technologies which are expected to address those universal IP bearer network, with only one IP network
challenges, specifically time determinism, flexible carrying both production and office services in future smart
addressing and routing, and intrinsic security and privacy. grids.
Section 4 summarizes the corresponding needs in terms of
network research and standardization efforts. Section 5 Differential protection is an important mechanism to protect
concludes stressing the need to progress as soon as possible transmission lines. Differential protection schemes assume a
research and standardization in order to address the network very low telecommunication delay between both relays,
challenges raised by emerging and future industrial often as low as 5 ms.
applications.

2. APPLICATION SCENARIOS AND
NETWORK CHALLENGES

2.1 Emerging industrial applications

2.1.1 IoT-enabled industrial and robotic applications

The industrial and robotic applications enabled by Internet
of things technologies have different performance and
reliability requirements than traditional information
technology applications. Connecting back offices to factory
floors, performing integration from device level till business
level, supporting autonomous operation and control of
industrial processes, the networks for IoT-enabled industrial Figure 1 – Differential protection
and robotic applications require real-time, secure and
reliable factory-wide connectivity, as well as inter-factory Additionally, teleprotection channels, which are differential,
connectivity on a large scale in the future. must be synchronous, which means that any delays on the
transmitting and receiving paths must match each other.
Current standards [7] define a maximum jitter lower than 250
Low end-to-end latency (from sub-ms to 10 ms) and small
jitter (at 1µs level) are necessary to meet closed loop control µs, otherwise the protective relays may trigger a tripping
requirements of factory automation and machine control, as unexpectedly.
well as very precise synchronization and spacing of
telemetry streams and control data (deterministic latency), Key network requirements include:
which facilitate, for example, precise operation of robotic  Low latency (5 ms)
effectors along multiple degrees-of-freedom.  Small and bounded jitter (250 µs)

Additionally, as any break or suspension in the production 2.1.3 Haptic communication-enabled applications
line of some industrial and robotic applications can be
extremely costly, very high service availability [5] and Tactile networking applications are concerned by two types
of haptic feedback, one referring to things that can be felt
security are required.
when touching a surface (e.g., such as pressure, texture,
vibration, temperature), and the other one referring to forces
Finally, the ongoing cloudification in this domain, implying (e.g., gravity, pull) that act on muscles, joints, and tendons in
virtualization and migration to edge and cloud of network an "actuator" such as an arm. Haptic communications,
functions, stresses even more the network requirements, in
providing a medium to transport the sense of touch (tactile)
and actuation (kinesthetic) in real time, can accentuate true

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