Page 122 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies – Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

ȏ͸ͷȐ †”ƒ• ƒ”‰ƒ ƒ† —†‘Žˆ ‘”‹‰Ǥ Dz  ‘˜‡”˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ ‘•–ƒ–‹‘• ‹‘‘‘—
ƴ
–Š‡ ‡ ΪΪ •‹—Žƒ–‹‘ ‡˜‹”‘‡–dzǤ ǣ ”‘Ǧ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† Š‹• Ǥ ‰Ǥ †‡‰”‡‡
‡‡†‹‰• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ͷ•– ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ‘ ‹Ǧ ‹ ‘’—–‡” ‰‹‡‡”‹‰
—Žƒ–‹‘ –‘‘Ž• ƒ† –‡ Š‹“—‡• ˆ‘” ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ƒ† ˆ‘”ƒ–‹ • ˆ”‘ –Š‡
‡–™‘”• ƒ† •›•–‡• Ƭ ™‘”•Š‘’•Ǥ ʹͲͲͺǡ ’’Ǥ ͳȂͳͲǤ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ƒ–”ƒ• ‹
ȏ͸͸Ȑ Š— ƒ‹ǡ ‹ƒ‰ ‡ǡ ‘Šƒ‡† „†‡Ž”ƒœ‡ǡ ‡‹ˆ‡‹ ͳͻͻͺǤ  ‡’–‡„‡” ͳͻͻͻ
Š‡ǡ ‘Š ‘•‹‰ǡ ‘Š ”—†›ǡ ƒ† — ƒ‰Ǥ Š‡ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† Š‹• Ǥ Ǥ †‡‰”‡‡
Dz ’–‹ƒŽ ‡†‰‡ —•‡” ƒŽŽ‘ ƒ–‹‘ ‹ ‡†‰‡ ‘’—–‹‰ ‹ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ƒ†
™‹–Š ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ •‹œ‡† ˜‡ –‘” „‹ ’ƒ ‹‰dzǤ ǣ –‡”ƒǦ ‹‰ƒŽ ”‘ ‡••‹‰ ˆ”‘ –Š‡
–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ‘ ‡”˜‹ ‡Ǧ ”‹‡–‡† ‘’—–‹‰Ǥ Ž‡ –”‹ ƒŽ ‡’ƒ”–‡–ǡ
’”‹‰‡”Ǥ ʹͲͳͺǡ ’’Ǥ ʹ͵ͲȂʹͶͷǤ ’‡”‹ƒŽ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ ȋ ‘†‘ȌǤ ‡ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† Š‹• ŠǤ Ǥ †‡‰”‡‡ ‹ ʹͲͲͶ
ȏ͸͹Ȑ ƒ‘ ‹ǡ — Šƒ‰ǡ ‘‰“‹ƒ‰ ‹—ǡ ƒ —‘ǡ Š‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹ • ƒ† ‡Ž‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘• ‡’ƒ”–‡–ǡ
‹ƒǡ Š—‘›ƒ‘ Šƒ‘ǡ ƒ† ‡‰ ‹Ǥ Dz †‰‡ ’”‘˜‹•‹‘Ǧ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡•ǡ ”‡‡ ‡Ǥ
‹‰ ™‹–Š ϐŽ‡š‹„Ž‡ •‡”˜‡” ’Žƒ ‡‡–dzǤ ǣ ”ƒ•Ǧ ‹• ŠǤ Ǥ –Š‡•‹• ˆ‘ —•‡• ‘ ‡†‹— ƒ ‡•• ‘–”‘Ž ’‘Ž‹Ǧ
ƒ –‹‘• ‘ ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž ƒ† ‹•–”‹„—–‡† ›•–‡• ʹͺǤͶ ‹‡• ‹ ƒ† Š‘ ‡–™‘”•Ǥ ‡ Šƒ• •‡”˜‡† ƒ• –Š‡ ‡ƒ ‘ˆ
ȋʹͲͳ͸Ȍǡ ’’Ǥ ͳͲ͵ͳȂͳͲͶͷǤ –Š‡ ƒ —Ž–› ‘ˆ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‹‡ ‡ ƒ† ˆ‘”ƒ–‹ • ‘ˆ –Š‡
‘‹ƒ ‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ ‘”ˆ—ǡ ”‡‡ ‡Ǥ ‹ ‡ ʹͲͲ͸ Š‡ ‹• ƒ ˆƒ Ǧ
—Ž–› ‡„‡” ‹ ‘’—–‡” ‡–™‘”•ǡ —””‡–Ž› ƒ ”‘ˆ‡•Ǧ
–Šƒƒ•‹‘• •‹’‹• ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† ‹ •‘”ǡ ƒ– –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‘ˆ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹ •ǡ ƒ– –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ‹Ǧ
ʹͲͳͷ Š‹• Ǥ Ǥ †‡‰”‡‡ ‹ ˆ‘”Ǧ ˜‡”•‹–›Ǥ ‡ Šƒ• ƒŽ•‘ •‡”˜‡† ƒ• –Š‡ ‡ƒ† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡–
ƒ–‹ • ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‘ˆ ƒ† ‹”‡ –‘” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•–‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ –—†‹‡•Ǥ ‡–™‡‡ ‡Ǧ
ˆ‘”ƒ–‹ •ǡ ‘‹ƒ ‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ ‡„‡” ͳͻͻͻ ƒ† ƒ—ƒ”› ʹͲͲͷ Š‡ ™ƒ• ‡’Ž‘›‡† ƒ– Ǧ
”‡‡ ‡Ǥ  ʹͲͳ͹ Š‡ ‘„–ƒ‹‡† Š‹• –”ƒ ‘ Ǥ ǡ ƒ• ƒ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ƒ† †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‡‰‹‡‡”Ǥ ‹•
Ǥ Ǥ †‡‰”‡‡ ‹ ‘’—–‡” ‹Ǧ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ‹–‡”‡•–• ‹˜‘Ž˜‡ ‡†‹— ƒ ‡•• ‘–”‘Ž ‹ ƒ†
‡ ‡ ƒ† ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ›•–‡•ǡ Š‘ ‡–™‘”•ǡ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ‹••—‡• ‹ ™‹”‡Ž‡•• ‡–™‘”•ǡ
ˆ‘” ™Š‹ Š Š‡ ™ƒ• ƒ™ƒ”†‡† ƒ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ †‹••‡‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ •‡”˜‹ ‡ †‹• ‘˜‡”›ǡ ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–› Ž‘Ǧ
–—‹–‹‘Ǧˆ”‡‡ • Š‘Žƒ”•Š‹’ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‡‡”‰› ‘•—’–‹‘ ‹ ™‹”‡Ž‡•• •‡•‘” ‡–™‘”•ǡ
‹ ʹͲʹͳ Š‡ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† Š‹• ŠǤ Ǥ †‡‰”‡‡ ‹ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹ •ǡ „‘–Š ƒ† ‡–™‘” ‘•– ”‡†— –‹‘ ‹ Ž‘—† ‘’—–‹‰ ‡˜‹”‘Ǧ
ˆ”‘ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡–Ǥ ‹• ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ‹–‡”‡•–• ‘Ǧ ‡–•Ǥ ”‘ˆ‡••‘” Ǥ ‹‘‘‘— Šƒ• ƒ Ž‘‰ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ ‹
‡–”ƒ–‡ ‘ —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ Ž‘—† ‘’—–‹‰ǡ Ž‘—† ‰ƒ‹‰ǡ ™‹”‡Ž‡•• •›•–‡• ƒ† Šƒ• „‡‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‹‰ ƒ —„‡” ‘ˆ
ˆ‘‰Ȁ‡†‰‡ ‘’—–‹‰ǡ ‡–™‘” ‘’–‹‹œƒ–‹‘ǡ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ’”‘Œ‡ –• ‹ –Š‡ ‘’—–‡” ‡–™‘”• ƒ”‡ƒǡ ƒ†
‹••—‡• ‹ ‘ ƒ† ™‹”‡Ž‡•• ‡–™‘”•ǡ ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–› Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘ ƒŽǦ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• Ž‘ ƒŽ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ’”‘Œ‡ –• ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ ˜‹”–—ƒŽ ™‘”Ž†•ȌǤ
Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘ǡ •‡”˜‹ ‡ ’Žƒ ‡‡–ǡ ‡– Ǥ ‹ ‡ ʹͲͳͷ Š‡ Šƒ• „‡‡ ‡ ‹• —””‡–Ž› ƒ ‡„‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡†‹–‘”‹ƒŽ „‘ƒ”†• ‘ˆ ‘Ǧ
ƒ ƒ –‹˜‡ ‡„‡” ƒ† ”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ Dz ‡–™‘”•ǡ —Ž–‹Ǧ ’—–‡” ‡–™‘”• ‘—”ƒŽ ȋ Ž•‡˜‹‡”Ȍ ƒ† ‘—”ƒŽ ‘ —–—”‡
‡†‹ƒ ƒ† ‡ —”‹–› ›•–‡• ƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”›dz ȋ ƒ„Ȍǡ ’ƒ”Ǧ ƒ† ˜‘Ž˜‹‰ ‡ Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡• ȋ ȌǤ ‡ Šƒ• „‡‡ ƒ ”‡˜‹‡™‡”
–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‰ ‹ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ƒ† Ž‘ ƒŽ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ƒ† ‡„‡” ‘ˆ —‡”‘—• ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡• ƒ† Œ‘—”ƒŽ•ǡ
’”‘Œ‡ –•Ǥ —””‡–Ž›ǡ Š‡ •‡”˜‡• ƒ• ƒ –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ƒ••‹•–ƒ– ƒ– ƒ† Š‡ Š‘Ž†• ƒ ƒ™ƒ”† ˆ‘” –Š‡ „‡•– ’ƒ’‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ƒ™ƒ‹‹
–Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‘ˆ ‹‰‹–ƒŽ ‡†‹ƒ ƒ† ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ• –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ‘ ›•–‡ ‡”˜‹ ‡ǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• ƒ
™‡ŽŽ ƒ• ƒ ƒ ƒ†‡‹ • Š‘Žƒ” ƒ– –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‘ˆ ˆ‘”Ǧ ƒ™ƒ”† ˆ‘” –Š‡ „‡•– ’ƒ’‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ʹ͸–Š ›’‘•‹—
ƒ–‹ •ǡ ƒ– ‘‹ƒ ‹˜‡”•‹–›Ǥ ‡ Šƒ• „‡‡ ƒ ”‡˜‹‡™‡” ‘ˆ ‘ ‘’—–‡”• ƒ† ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
—‡”‘—• ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡• ƒ† Œ‘—”ƒŽ•ǡ ƒ† ‹ ʹͲʹͳ Š‡ ™ƒ•
–Š‡ ”‡ ‹’‹‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ „‡•– ’ƒ’‡” ƒ™ƒ”† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ʹ͸–Š
›’‘•‹— ‘ ‘’—–‡”• ƒ† ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

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