Page 119 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies – Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

ȏʹȐ ‡™— Š—ǡ Š‘‰ —‘ǡ ‹ƒˆ‡‰ ƒ‰ǡ ƒ† ȏͳ͵Ȑ —›‹ ƒ‘ǡ Šƒ‰•Š‡‰ ‘—ǡ — Šƒ‰ǡ ƒ‹„‹
Š‹’‡‰ ‹Ǥ Dz —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ Ž‘—† ‘’—–‹‰dzǤ ǣ —ƒ‰ǡ ƒ† ŠƒŽ‡† ‡–ƒ‹‡ˆǤ Dz •—”˜‡› ‘ ‘„‹Ž‡
‹‰ƒŽ ”‘ ‡••‹‰ ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡ ʹͺǤ͵ ȋʹͲͳͳȌǡ ’’Ǥ ͷͻȂ͸ͻǤ ‡†‰‡ ‘’—–‹‰ǣ Š‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡dzǤ
ȏ͵Ȑ ‡‹ ƒ‹ǡ ›ƒ Š‡ƒǡ Š—Ǧ ‹‰ —ƒ‰ǡ —ƒǦ ƒ ǣ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘• —”˜‡›• Ƭ —–‘”‹ƒŽ• ͳͻǤͶ
Š‡ǡ ‹ƒ‰ Š—ƒ ‹—ǡ ‹ –‘” ‡—‰ǡ ƒ† Š‡‰Ǧ ȋʹͲͳ͹Ȍǡ ’’Ǥ ʹ͵ʹʹȂʹ͵ͷͺǤ
•‹ •—Ǥ Dz •—”˜‡› ‘ Ž‘—† ‰ƒ‹‰ǣ —–—”‡ ȏͳͶȐ —Š—ƒ ‡‰ǡ —•‡ ‹ǡ ‘ƒŽ† ‡‡–ǡ —‡›ƒ ƒ‰ǡ
‘ˆ ‘’—–‡” ‰ƒ‡•dzǤ ǣ ‡•• Ͷ ȋʹͲͳ͸Ȍǡ ƒ† ‡–‘‰ ƒ‹Ǥ Dz Š‡ •‡”˜‡” ƒŽŽ‘ ƒ–‹‘ ’”‘„Ǧ
’’Ǥ ͹͸ͲͷȂ͹͸ʹͲǤ Ž‡ ˆ‘” •‡••‹‘Ǧ„ƒ•‡† —Ž–‹’Žƒ›‡” Ž‘—† ‰ƒ‹‰dzǤ
ȏͶȐ ‹ ‡”„‡Ž‡ǡ ‹‡–‡” ‹‘‡•ǡ ‹Ž‹’ ‡ —” ǡ ƒ† ǣ ”ƒ•ƒ –‹‘• ‘ —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ ʹͲǤͷ ȋʹͲͳ͹Ȍǡ
ƒ”– Š‘‡†–Ǥ Dz ‡˜‡”ƒ‰‹‰ Ž‘—†Ž‡–• ˆ‘” ‹‡”•‹˜‡ ’’Ǥ ͳʹ͵͵ȂͳʹͶͷǤ
‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•dzǤ ǣ ‡”˜ƒ•‹˜‡ ‘Ǧ ȏͳͷȐ —Š—ƒ ‹ ƒ† ƒ‹›‹‰ Š‡Ǥ Dz Ž‘—† ‘‰ǣ Ž‡˜‡”ƒ‰‹‰
’—–‹‰ ͳʹǤͶ ȋʹͲͳ͵Ȍǡ ’’Ǥ ͵ͲȂ͵ͺǤ ˆ‘‰ –‘ ‡š–‡† Ž‘—† ‰ƒ‹‰ ˆ‘” –Š‹Ǧ Ž‹‡–
ȏͷȐ ›ƒ Š‡ƒǡ ‹ —ǡ ƒ† ‹ƒ‰ Š—ƒ ‹—Ǥ Dz Ž‘—† ‰ƒǦ ™‹–Š Š‹‰Š “—ƒŽ‹–› ‘ˆ •‡”˜‹ ‡dzǤ ǣ ”ƒ•ƒ –‹‘•
‹‰ǣ †‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ –Š‡ •—’’‘”– ˆ”‘ ƒ†˜ƒ ‡† ˜‹”Ǧ ‘ ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž ƒ† ‹•–”‹„—–‡† ›•–‡• ʹͺǤʹ ȋʹͲͳ͹Ȍǡ
–—ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘ ƒ† Šƒ”†™ƒ”‡dzǤ ǣ ”ƒ•ƒ –‹‘• ’’Ǥ Ͷ͵ͳȂͶͶͷǤ
‘ ‹” —‹–• ƒ† ›•–‡• ˆ‘” ‹†‡‘ ‡ Š‘Ž‘‰› ʹͷǤͳʹ ȏͳ͸Ȑ Šƒ”‘ Š‘›ǡ ‡”ƒ”† ‘‰ǡ ™‡†ƒŽ ‹‘ǡ ƒ†
ȋʹͲͳͷȌǡ ’’Ǥ ʹͲʹ͸ȂʹͲ͵͹Ǥ ƒ–Š‡”‹‡ ‘•‡„‡”‰Ǥ Dz Š›„”‹† ‡†‰‡Ǧ Ž‘—† ƒ” Š‹Ǧ
ȏ͸Ȑ Š‡‰ —‡ǡ ‹ —ǡ ‹ƒ ‡ǡ ‹ƒ‘Œ— ‡‹ǡ ƒ† ‘‰ –‡ –—”‡ ˆ‘” ”‡†— ‹‰ ‘Ǧ†‡ƒ† ‰ƒ‹‰ Žƒ–‡ ›dzǤ
‹—Ǥ Dz Žƒ›‹‰ Š‹‰ŠǦ‡† ˜‹†‡‘ ‰ƒ‡• ‹ –Š‡ Ž‘—†ǣ ǣ —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ •›•–‡• ʹͲǤͷ ȋʹͲͳͶȌǡ ’’Ǥ ͷͲ͵ȂͷͳͻǤ
‡ƒ•—”‡‡– •–—†›dzǤ ǣ ”ƒ•ƒ –‹‘• ‘ ȏͳ͹Ȑ ‹‰ —ǡ —ƒ›‹‰ —ǡ ƒ‹›—‡ —ǡ ƒ† —“‹‰
‹” —‹–• ƒ† ›•–‡• ˆ‘” ‹†‡‘ ‡ Š‘Ž‘‰› ʹͷǤͳʹ Š—Ǥ Dz ‹•–”‹„—–‡† ‘Ž‹‡ Š›„”‹† Ž‘—† ƒƒ‰‡‡–
ȋʹͲͳͶȌǡ ’’Ǥ ʹͲͳ͵ȂʹͲʹͷǤ ˆ‘” ’”‘ϐ‹–Ǧ†”‹˜‡ —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ Ž‘—† ‘’—–‹‰dzǤ
ȏ͹Ȑ ‹ Šƒ‘ ‹ǡ ‘‰‰ƒ‰ ‡ǡ ƒ† ›Ž‡ —ƒǤ Dz ‘™ƒ”† ǣ ”ƒ•ƒ –‹‘• ‘ —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ ͳ͹Ǥͺ ȋʹͲͳͷȌǡ
‘•–Ǧ‡ˆϐ‹ ‹‡– ‘–‡– ’Žƒ ‡‡– ‹ ‡†‹ƒ Ž‘—†ǣ ’’Ǥ ͳʹͻ͹Ȃͳ͵ͲͺǤ
‘†‡Ž‹‰ ƒ† ƒƒŽ›•‹•dzǤ ǣ ”ƒ•ƒ –‹‘• ‘ ȏͳͺȐ –Šƒƒ•‹‘• •‹’‹•ǡ ‘•–ƒ–‹‘• ‹‘‘‘—ǡ
—Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ ͳͺǤͷ ȋʹͲͳ͸Ȍǡ ’’Ǥ ͺͲ͹ȂͺͳͻǤ ƒ•‹Ž‡‹‘• ‘‹ƒ‘•ǡ ƒ† ‘ƒ‹• –ƒ˜”ƒƒ‹•Ǥ
ȏͺȐ ‹—‹ —ǡ ‹ƒ‰—‘ ƒ‘ǡ Š‡‰™‡‹ ‹ǡ ‹‰•Š‡‰ Dz ‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‹ Ž‘—†Ǧ‡†‰‡ Š›„”‹†
‡ǡ ‡– ƒŽǤ Dz ƒ‹”‡••Ǧ‡ˆϐ‹ ‹‡ › ƒŽŽ‘ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ’—Ǧ‰’— ‰ƒ‹‰ •›•–‡•dzǤ ǣ Š‹”† –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒŽƒ
Š‡–‡”‘‰‡‡‘—• ”‡•‘—” ‡•dzǤ ǣ ”ƒ•ƒ –‹‘• ‘ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ‘ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘• ƒ† ‡–™‘”‹‰
‡”˜‹ ‡• ‘’—–‹‰ ȋʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ ͸ͶͷͿ ȋ ƒŽƒ ‘ǯͷͿȌǤ ‘’Œ‡ǡ ‘”–Š ƒ ‡†‘‹ƒǤ
ʹͲͳͻǤ
ȏͻȐ ˜ƒ Ž‹˜ƒ”ǡ ‹”‘ —œŒ‡˜‹ ǡ ƒ† ‡ƒ ‘”‹Ǧ ƒ’‘˜Ǥ
Dz ƒ‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” ‡”‹˜‹‰ ‘ Ǧ ”‹˜‡ ȏͳͻȐ ‹”‘† ‡‰‹††‘ ƒ† ‡‡–Š —’‘™‹–Ǥ Dz  –Š‡
‹†‡‘  ‘†‹‰ ‘ϐ‹‰—”ƒ–‹‘ –”ƒ–‡‰‹‡• ˆ‘” Ž‘—† ‘’Ž‡š‹–› ‘ˆ •‘‡ ‘‘ ‰‡‘‡–”‹ Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘
ƒ‹‰dzǤ ǣ ”ƒ•ƒ –‹‘• ‘ —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ ‘Ǧ ’”‘„Ž‡•dzǤ ǣ Œ‘—”ƒŽ ‘ ‘’—–‹‰ ͳ͵Ǥͳ
’—–‹‰ǡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ƒ† ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘• ȋ Ȍ ȋͳͻͺͶȌǡ ’’Ǥ ͳͺʹȂͳͻ͸Ǥ
ͳͶǤ͵• ȋʹͲͳͺȌǡ ’’Ǥ ͳȂʹͶǤ ȏʹͲȐ ‹–— ‹” Šƒ†ƒ‹ ƒ† ‹ Šƒ”† ”ƒ ‹•Ǥ ‹• ”‡–‡
ȏͳͲȐ ƒ‘ Š‡ǡ — Šƒ‰ǡ ‹Ž‹‰ —ǡ — ‡ǡ ‹‰–ƒ‘ ƒǡ Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘ –Š‡‘”›Ǥ ͳͻͻͲǤ
Šƒ ƒǡ ƒ† ‡Œ— Šƒ‰Ǥ Dz Ǧ ƒ‹‰ǣ ‘•–Ǧ ȏʹͳȐ –ƒƒ ”ƒŽ ƒ† ‘Ž‰ƒ ˜ƒ–ƒǤ Dz †‡ ‡–”ƒŽ‹œ‡†
ˆϐ‹ ‹‡– Ž‘—† ƒ‹‰ ›•–‡ ƒ– ƒŽ‡dzǤ ǣ ”‡’Ž‹ ƒ ’Žƒ ‡‡– ƒŽ‰‘”‹–Š ˆ‘” ‡†‰‡ ‘’—–‹‰dzǤ
”ƒ•ƒ –‹‘• ‘ ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž ƒ† ‹•–”‹„—–‡† ›•–‡• ǣ –”ƒ•ƒ –‹‘• ‘ ‡–™‘” ƒ† •‡”˜‹ ‡ ƒǦ
͵ͲǤͳʹ ȋʹͲͳͻȌǡ ’’Ǥ ʹͺͶͻȂʹͺ͸ͷǤ ƒ‰‡‡– ͳͷǤʹ ȋʹͲͳͺȌǡ ’’Ǥ ͷͳ͸ȂͷʹͻǤ
ȏͳͳȐ ‘Šƒ††‡•‡Š ƒ•‹”‹ ƒ† „„ƒ• ƒ•‘‘Žœƒ†‡‰ƒǤ ȏʹʹȐ ‘Šƒƒ† ƒŽƒŠ—††‹ǡ ƒ‰”—–‹ ƒŠ‘‘ǡ ‘ Š
Dz ‡Žƒ›Ǧƒ™ƒ”‡ ”‡•‘—” ‡ ’”‘˜‹•‹‘‹‰ ˆ‘” ‘•–Ǧ Ž‹–Š‘ǡ ƒŽ‹ƒ Ž„‹ƒœ‡ǡ ƒ† ‡••ƒ Œ‹„Ǥ Dz •—”Ǧ
‡ˆϐ‹ ‹‡– Ž‘—† ‰ƒ‹‰dzǤ ǣ ”ƒ•ƒ –‹‘• ‘ ˜‡› ‘ ‘–‡– ’Žƒ ‡‡– ƒŽ‰‘”‹–Š• ˆ‘” Ž‘—†Ǧ
‹” —‹–• ƒ† ›•–‡• ˆ‘” ‹†‡‘ ‡ Š‘Ž‘‰› ʹͺǤͶ „ƒ•‡† ‘–‡– †‡Ž‹˜‡”› ‡–™‘”•dzǤ ǣ ‡••
ȋʹͲͳ͸Ȍǡ ’’Ǥ ͻ͹ʹȂͻͺ͵Ǥ ͸ ȋʹͲͳ͹Ȍǡ ’’Ǥ ͻͳȂͳͳͶǤ
ȏͳʹȐ ‘‰“‹ƒ‰ ƒ‘ǡ ‹ ƒ‰ǡ ƒ† ‹ƒ–ƒ‘ Š‘—Ǥ Dz ‘•–Ǧ ȏʹ͵Ȑ ‹—•‡’’‡ ‘”–ƒŽ—”‹ǡ ƒ˜‹†‡ †ƒ‹ǡ †”‡ƒ ƒ„Ǧ
ˆϐ‹ ‹‡– ƒ† —ƒŽ‹–› ‘ˆ š’‡”‹‡ ‡Ǧ ™ƒ”‡ ”‘˜‹Ǧ „”‹‡ŽŽ‹ǡ –‡ˆƒ‘ ‹‘”†ƒ‘ǡ ƒ† ‹ Š‡Ž‡ ƒ‰ƒ‘Ǥ
•‹‘‹‰ ‘ˆ ‹”–—ƒŽ ƒ Š‹‡• ˆ‘” —Ž–‹’Žƒ›‡” Ž‘—† Dz ‘™‡” ‘•—’–‹‘Ǧƒ™ƒ”‡ ˜‹”–—ƒŽ ƒ Š‹‡ ’Žƒ ‡Ǧ
ƒ‹‰ ‹ ‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽŽ› ‹•–”‹„—–‡† ƒ–ƒ ‡Ǧ ‡– ‹ Ž‘—† †ƒ–ƒ ‡–‡”dzǤ ǣ ”ƒ•ƒ –‹‘• ‘
–‡”•dzǤ ǣ ‡•• ͹ ȋʹͲͳͻȌǡ ’’Ǥ ͳͶʹͷ͹ͶȂ ”‡‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘• ƒ† ‡–™‘”‹‰ ͳǤͶ ȋʹͲͳ͹Ȍǡ
ͳͶʹͷͺͷǤ ’’Ǥ ͷͶͳȂͷͷͲǤ

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