Page 135 - ITU Journal - ICT Discoveries - Volume 1, No. 2, December 2018 - Second special issue on Data for Good
P. 135

ITU JOURNAL: ICT Discoveries, Vol. 1(2), December 2018




          bT +2 Bb /B+?QiQKQmb  M/  HH / i  BMi2` +iBQMb Kmbi #2  i2`M2i  ++2bb r b ` iBQM2/ i?`Qm;? + `/b r?B+?  HHQr2/
           bvM+?`QMQmbX h?2 KQ/2H `2T`2b2Mib QM2 2M/ Q7   bT2+@  T2QTH2 iQ T v 7Q`  ++2bb iBK2 (RN)X q?BH2 i?2 KQ/2H
          i`mK Q7  Hi2`M iBp2 AMi2`M2i KQ/2Hb i? i bBib +HQb2bi iQ  T`Qp2/ iQ #2 2ti`2K2Hv TQTmH `- i?2 H +F Q7 +2Mi` HBx2/
          i?2 /Bb+QMM2+i2/ 2M/ Q7 i?2 AMi2`M2i +QMM2+iBpBiv bT2+@  +QQ`/BM iBQM H2/ iQ +QMbi MiHv Qp2`HQ /2/ U M/ mM/2`@
          i`mKX AM i?2 7QHHQrBM; bm#b2+iBQMb- r2 /Bb+mbb KQ/2Hb Q7  T2`7Q`KBM;V qB6B  ++2bb TQBMib  M/ T2QTH2 rQmH/ ;Q QM
           Hi2`M iBp2 AMi2`M2i  ++2bb i? i 7 HH #2ir22M i?Bb TQBMi  2ti2MbBp2 b2 `+?2b dzHQQFBM; 7Q` i?2 AMi2`M2i-Ǵ BX2X- i`v@
          BM i?2 bT2+i`mK  M/ i?2 i` /BiBQM H KQ/2H Q7 m#B[mBiQmb-  BM; iQ }M/  M QT2` iBQM H  ++2bb TQBMi i? i rQmH/  HHQr
           Hr vb  ++2bbB#H2 AMi2`M2i  ++2bbX                   i?2K iQ QTiBKBx2 i?2B`  ++2bb iBK2X  MQi?2` BMi2`2biBM;
          *QKKmM H  ++2bb TQBMib U* SbVX PM2 Q7 i?2 KQbi       KQ/2H Bb i?2 L:P@7mM/2/ AMi2`M2i + 7û QT2` i2/ Qmi
          +QKKQM KQ/2Hb i? i +QKKmMBiB2b  /QTi T`BQ` iQ `2+2Bp@  Q7 `27m;22 b?2Hi2`b BM :2`K Mv (dk)X q?BH2   bim/v Q7
          BM;  zQ`/ #H2 `2bB/2MiB H AMi2`M2i  ++2bb Bb iQ H2p2` ;2  i?2b2 * Sb `2p2 H2/ i? i i?2v TH v2/   +`BiB+ H `QH2 BM
          +QKKmM H TQBMib Q7 +QMM2+iBpBiv- ivTB+ HHv `272``2/ iQ  b   bbBbiBM; `27m;22b BM ;2M2` H- 2bT2+B HHv BM bQHB/B7vBM;
          AMi2`M2i FBQbFb- AMi2`M2i + 7ûb- Q` ?Qi bTQibX h?2`2  `2  /B;Bi H /B bTQ`  +QKKmMBiv- Bi  HbQ /2KQMbi` i2/ i? i
          b2p2` H KQ/2Hb Q7 * SbX AM QM2 ivTB+ H KQ/2H-  ++2bb  +v#2`  +iBpBiB2b i? i i F2 TH +2 BM   +QKKmM H bT +2  `2
          Bb 2bi #HBb?2/ i?`Qm;? i?2 BMBiB H +QMM2+iBpBiv Q7 +`BiB+ H  MQi `2KQp2/ 7`QK ;2M/2`@# b2/ +mHim` H 2tT2+i iBQMb Q7
           M+?Q` BMbiBimiBQMb- bm+?  b HB#` `B2b- b+?QQHb- Q` ?2 Hi?  `2 H@rQ`H/  +iBpBiB2b i? i i F2 TH +2 BM +QKKmM H bT +2bX
          +HBMB+bX P7i2M iBK2b- ;Qp2`MK2Mi T`Q;` Kb + M ?2HT bm#@  h?Bb r b   bB;MB}+ Mi HBKBi iBQM QM ?Qr rQK2M r2`2
          bB/Bx2 i?2 /2THQvK2Mi Q7 BMBiB H ; i2r v +QMM2+iBpBiv-   #H2 iQ 2M; ;2 rBi? i?2 AMi2`M2i BM Q`/2` iQ +`2 i2 /Bb@
          r?B+? + M  HHQr i?2b2 Tm#HB+ 2MiBiB2b iQ Qz2` HQr@+Qbi  b2KBM i2-  M/ `2+2Bp2 BM7Q`K iBQMX
          Tm#HB+ AMi2`M2i  ++2bb  i HBKBi2/ ` i2b /m`BM; / v@iBK2  PM2 Q7 i?2 KQbi T`2p H2Mi +QKKmM H  ++2bb KQ/2Hb Bb
          QT2` iBQM (kR- k9- kd)X  MQi?2` KQ/2H BMpQHp2b T`Bp i2  i?2 T`Bp i2 dz7`22 ?Qi bTQiǴX AM + 7ûb- `2bi m` Mib- biQ`2b-
          2MiBiB2b Tm`+? bBM;  M AMi2`M2i bm#b+`BTiBQM Q` #mBH/@   M/  B`TQ`ib-  ++2bbBM; dz7`22Ǵ AMi2`M2i + M #2  b bBKTH2
          BM; AMi2`M2i BM7` bi`m+im`2 iQ i?2B` T`2KBb2b  M/ i?2M   b }M/BM; i?2  TT`QT`B i2 qB6B aaA. Ub2`pB+2 b2i B/2M@
           /p2`iBbBM; i?2 T`2b2M+2 Q7dz7`22 qB6B ?QibTQibǴ 7Q` +mb@  iB}2`V  M/ p2`B7vBM;  M  ;`22K2Mi bi i2K2Mi UQ` 2Mi2`@
          iQK2`bX   }M H +QKKmM H  ++2bb KQ/2H BM+Hm/2b i?2    BM; i?2 Tm#HB+Bx2/ qB6B T bbrQ`/VX h?2b2 bT +2b ? p2
          +`2 iBQM Q7 AMi2`M2i + 7ûb  b   #mbBM2bb mMiQ i?2Kb2Hp2b-  /Bz2`2Mi bB;MB}+ M+2 /2T2M/BM; QM r?2`2 i?2v KB;?i #2
          r?2`2 +mbiQK2`b +QK2 iQ i?2 + 7û  M/ Tm`+? b2 b?Q`i@  HQ+ i2/X AM m`# M bT +2b- i?2 7`22 ?Qi bTQi + M #2   TH +2
          i2`K AMi2`M2i  ++2bb # b2/ QM iBK2 Q` / i  + T +BivX  r?2`2 mb2`b +?QQb2 iQ  ++2bb AMi2`M2i +QMi2Mi Qp2`   H2bb
           M+?Q` BMbiBimiBQM * Sb p `v  +`Qbb +QKKmMBiB2b  M/  +QM;2bi2/ M2irQ`F- ` i?2` i? M mb2 7`2[m2MiHv +QM;2bi2/
          H M/b+ T2bX hvTB+ HHv- +QMM2+iBpBiv  p BH #H2  i b+?QQHb  +2HHmH ` M2irQ`F BM7` bi`m+im`2b (R8)X AM `m` H bT +2b-
          Bb `2b2`p2/ 7Q` bim/2Mib- 7 +mHiv-  M/ bi z  M/ Bb ivT@  7`22 ?Qi bTQib + M #2 BM7Q`K iBQM HB72HBM2b- i?2 QMHv TQBMi
          B+ HHv QMHv  p BH #H2 /m`BM; #mbBM2bb ?Qm`b UBX2X- d KĜ  Q7 AMi2`M2i  ++2bb 7Q` i2Mb Q7 KBH2bX  M 2t KTH2 Q7 i?2
          eTK QM r22F/ vbVX >Qr2p2`- M2r KQ/2Hb H2p2` ;2 ho    BKTQ`i M+2 Q7 i?2b2 7`22 ?Qi bTQib Bb BM AM/B M *QmMi`v-
          r?Bi2 bT +2 i2+?MQHQ;v-   rB`2H2bb M2irQ`F i2+?MQHQ;v  i?2 `m` H H M/b ?2H/ BM i`mbi #v i?2 lXaX 72/2` H ;Qp2`M@
          i? i mb2b i?2 ?BbiQ`B+ ho #`Q /+ bi # M/ Q7 i?2 ` /BQ  K2Mi 7Q` bQp2`2B;M i`B# H M iBQMbX PMHv ejW Q7 T2QTH2
          bT2+i`mK 7Q` / i  i` MbKBbbBQM- iQ 2ti2M/ i?2  KQmMi Q7  HBpBM; BM AM/B M *QmMi`v ? p2 #`Q /# M/ AMi2`M2i  +@
          iBK2b bim/2Mib  `2 +QMM2+i2/ iQ i?2 AMi2`M2iX 6Q` 2t K@  +2bb  M/ i?2 M2 `2bi  ++2bb TQBMi + M #2 Qp2`  M ?Qm`Ƕb
          TH2- JB+`QbQ7i ? b T`QTQb2/ KQmMiBM; ho r?Bi2 bT +2  /`Bp2  r v (k8- 83- e9)X S2QTH2 HBpBM; BM i?2b2 +QKKmMB@
           Mi2MM b QM b+?QQH #mb2b iQ 2M #H2 bim/2Mib r?Q  `2  iB2b `2TQ`i 2tT2`B2M+2b r?2`2 i?2v ? p2 bT2Mi i?2 MB;?i
          #mbb2/ 7`QK `m` H  `2 b iQ ? p2  M 2ti2M/2/ T2`BQ/ Q7  rQ`FBM; QmibB/2 Q7 ?Qi2Hb  M/ `2bi m` Mib i? i T`QpB/2
          AMi2`M2i  ++2bb /m`BM; i?2B` `B/2b iQ  M/ 7`QK b+?QQH bQ  7`22 ?Qi bTQib bQ i? i i?2v +QmH/ F22T mT rBi? QMHBM2
          i?2v + M rQ`F QM ?QK2rQ`F #27Q`2 `2im`MBM; iQ TQQ`Hv  +Qm`b2rQ`F Q` bm#KBi /B;Bi H ;Qp2`MK2Mi 7Q`Kb #27Q`2
          +QMM2+i2/ ?QK2b (9e)X GB#` `B2b + M Qz2`   #`Q /2` bT M  /2 /HBM2bX q?BH2 i?2b2 7`22 ?Qi bTQib + M #2   TBpQi H
          Q7 mb ;2 rBi? `2bT2+i iQ iBK2  M/ TQTmH iBQM  M/ ? p2  K2 Mb Q7 +QMM2+iBM; iQ i?2 AMi2`M2i- i?2v  `2 biBHH 72r
          #22M +`BiB+ H iQ BMMQp iBM; ?Qr +QKKmM H  ++2bb i F2b   M/ 7 ` #2ir22M BM `m` H  `2 b  M/ bm#b2[m2MiHv- i?2`2 Bb
          TH +2bX 6Q` 2t KTH2- i?2 :B; ;#Bi GB#` `B2b L2irQ`F    iBK2  M/ 7m2H +Qbi  bbQ+B i2/ rBi? i` p2HBM; iQ TQBMib
          rQmH/  HHQr HB#` `B2b iQ QT2` i2 M2B;?#Q`?QQ/@b+ H2 ho  Q7  ++2bb 2p2M B7   mb2` Bb MQi +QMbmKBM;  Mv Q7 i?2 T`Q/@
          r?Bi2 bT +2  ++2bb TQBMib i? i rQmH/ MQi `2[mB`2 T i`QMb  m+ib bQH/ #v i?2 2MiBiv T`QpB/BM; i?2  ++2bbX
          iQ +QMM2+i iQ i?2 AMi2`M2i BM bBim- #mi 7`QK  Mvr?2`2  AM +QMi` bi iQ i?2 7`22 ?Qi bTQi KQ/2H Bb i?2 7Q`@T`Q}i
          BM  M 2MiB`2 M2B;?#Q`?QQ/ (d- kd)X *`BiB+ HHv- i?Bb rQmH/  AMi2`M2i + 7ûX PM2 Q7 i?2 KQbi +Bi2/ bim/B2b Q7 AMi2`@
           HHQr HB#` `v@# b2/ AMi2`M2i  ++2bb #2vQM/ HB#` `v QT2`@  M2i + 7û@7Q`@T`Q}i 2MpB`QMK2Mib i F2b TH +2 BM  ++` -
           iBM; ?Qm`b  M/ +QmH/  K2HBQ` i2  ++2bb 7Q` T i`QMb r?Q  :? M X lbBM; 2i?MQ;` T?B+ }2H/rQ`F K2i?Q/QHQ;B2b-
           `2 mM #H2 iQ 2 bBHv  ++2bb T?vbB+ H HB#` `v #mBH/BM;bX  C2MM  "m``2HH bT2Mi Qp2`   v2 ` BM  ++`  Q#b2`pBM;  M/
            +QmTH2 Q7  ivTB+ H  M+?Q` BMbiBimiBQM * S KQ/2Hb i? i  BMi2`pB2rBM; +mbiQK2`b  i bBt /Bz2`2Mi AMi2`M2i + 7ûb-
          b2`p2  b BMi2`2biBM;  AJb  `2 i?2 qB6B T `Fb BM > p M    M/ ?B;?HB;?i2/ ?Qr vQmi? r?Q QT2` i2 BM i?2 K `;BMb
           M/ i?2 L:P@# b2/ AMi2`M2i + 7ûb BM 1m`QT2 M `27m;22  Q7 i?2 /B;Bi H 2+QMQKv  `2 T `iB+mH `Hv  #H2 iQ BM+Q`@
          b?2Hi2`bX AM kyR8- Tm#HB+ b[m `2b Q7 > p M - *m#  r2`2  TQ` i2 #Qi? i` /BiBQM H MQMi` /BiBQM H i2+?MQHQ;B2b BMiQ
          +QMp2`i2/ iQ Qmi/QQ` Tm#HB+ qB6B  ++2bb TQBMib  M/ AM@  i?2B` `2T2`iQB`2 Q7 AMi2`M2i  ++2bb bi` i2;B2b (N)X aBKBH `





                                             © International Telecommunication Union, 2018                   113
   130   131   132   133   134   135   136   137   138   139   140