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Table 3 – Logical groupings
                                           Category                                      % Occurrence
              Quality of life and lifestyle                                                   6%

              Infrastructure and services                                                     17%
              ICT, communication, intelligence, information                                   26%

              People, citizens, society                                                       12%
              Environment and sustainability                                                  17%
              Governance, management and administration                                       10%
              Economy and finance                                                             8%
              Mobility                                                                        4%

                                             Total                                           100%
            In order to minimize any subjectivity in defining the above keyword grouping, a literature search
            was conducted to best describe each of them. This is important to maintain a baseline of what is
            meant by each of those keywords.

            ICT/communication/intelligence/information

            Information and communication technology (ICT) provides services such as security, health care,
            and transport for citizens, improved and cost effective power supply for industries, remote working
                                                                                                        4
            and e‐commerce for businesses, as well as entertainment and communications for individuals.
            Infrastructure

            Infrastructure includes the basic physical and organizational structures necessary for the operations
            of society/enterprises and the services/facilities that keep the economy functional.
                                                                                             5, 6
            Environment/sustainability

            As defined by the IUCN, UNEP and WWF: "sustainability is improving the quality of human life while
            living  within  the  carrying  capacity  of  supporting  eco‐systems" .  The  World  Commission  on
                                                                              7
                                           8
            Environment and Development  (also known as the Brundtland Commission) defines sustainable
            development  as  a  form  of  development  which  "meets  the  needs  of  the  present  without
                                                                                    9
            compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs".

            ____________________
            4   ICT  behind  cities  of  the  future.  Nokia.  Retrieved  29th  June  2014  from  http://nsn.com/news‐
               events/publications/unite‐magazine‐february‐2010/the‐ict‐behind‐cities‐of‐the‐future
            5   Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved 1st June 2014 from
               http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/infrastructure
            6   Sullivan, Arthur, Steven M. Sheffrin (2003), Economics: Principles in action. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey
               07458: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 474.
            7   IUCN/UNEP/WWF.  Caring  for  the  Earth:  A  Strategy  for  Sustainable  Living.  (Gland,  Switzerland:  1991).
               (IUCN  –  The  International  Union  for  Conservation  of  Nature,  UNEP  –  United  Nations  Environment
               Programme, WWF – World Wide Fund for Nature).
            8   UN  Documents  Gathering  a  body  of  global  agreements.  NGO  Committee  on  Education.
                         nd
               Retrieved 2  June from < http://www.un‐documents.net/wced‐ocf.htm >
            9   Toolkit  on  Environmental  Sustainability  for  the  ICT  Sector.  International  Telecommunication  Union.
               Retrieved from http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu‐t/oth/4B/01/T4B010000060001PDFE.pdf. 2012

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