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Innovation and Digital Transformation for a Sustainable World




           a. Identify  the  principal  fiducial  points  on  a  generated
               ECG report.
           b. Compute  the  statically  calculated  variance  in  the
               generated  R—R  gap  by  applying  a  certain  threshold  ECG reflects   AI-enabled   A.I.  adoption of
               value.                                          electrical    ECG          methods   AI-enabled
                                                               activity and   analysis              ECG
           c. Identify abnormal activity – with the help of P waves
                                                               checks the
               No regular atrial activity was identified.     condition of
                                                               the cardiac
               Any irregular abnormality activity reported. ?
                                                               cycle [15]
               High-frequency abnormality waves are present?
             Using  the  above  algorithmic  approach,  the  results  are   ECG approach  Detecting   DL, NN   ECG and
             generated  to  detect  the  abnormality  of  the  heart  and   used for   ECG          arrhythmia
             reported accordingly [8, 9].                      identifying   anomalies              classification
                                                               CVD           using DL               .
                           RELATED WORK                        problems.[16]   models.

           Different researchers apply distinct ML approaches to solve   ECG analysis   ECG   CNN,   classification
           heart disorder-related predictions using ECG signals using   and   analysis for   DL, ML,   accuracy is
           classification  models.  Table  -  2  below  describes  related   classification   classification  LSTM   99.13%
           work,  different  ML  methods,  classifiers  used,  and   for CVD [17]
           inferences taken from the paper in tabular form.
                                                               Automated     ECG data     CNN,      A system
           TABLE    2:   DESCRIBES     RELATED      WORK,      diagnosis of   analysis    SVM       that helps for
           DIFFERENT  ML  METHODS,  CLASSIFIER  USED,          CVD diseases                         the patient's
           AND INFERENCE                                       [18]                                 autonomy

            Related work   Method      Classifie  Inference    Interpretable   Identify and   ML, DL   Progress for
                                       r used                  ML            characterize           ECG signal
                                                               techniques for   ECG signals.        identificatio
            ECG, ML and   Time series   ALL ML   Performance   CVD [19]                             n
            time series   and meta-    algorith  of ML for
            analysis [10]   analysis of   ms     ECG           Machine       Meta-        ML,       ML is
                          algorithms             classification   Learning for   analysis of        effective for
                                                               Detecting     diagnostic    DL,      detecting
            ML for ECG    Patients with  ML with   R.F. model   Atrial       accuracy     CNN       A.F. from
            risk and      occlusion    classifier   shows good   Fibrillation                       ECGs
            treatment [11]   myocardial          results.      from ECGs
                          infarction                           [20]
                          (OMI)
                                                               ML-based      Optimized    ML,       comparing
             configuration   Developing   R.F.,  Better        disease       framework    CNN,      the
            of electrodes   algorithms   N.N. and  education   classification  named      DL        outcomes of
            affects the   to detect    D.T.      regarding     techniques.   WbGAS for              different
            result [12]   electrode              ECG           [21]          prediction.            ML-based
                          misplacemen            acquisition.                                       approaches
                          t
                                                               Arrhythmia    MMPA to      SVM,      For  ECG
            AI-enabled    Adoption of   AI       Better        can modify the  identify A.F.  A.F.   recordings,
            ECG [13]      the AI-      methods   Diagnosis     heart's       in brief ECG           HRV is
                          enabled                              rhythms and   data.                  effective and
                          ECG                                  its potential                        reliable for
                                                               impact [22]                          A.F.
            AI-Enabled    A.I. using   A.I. with  Health                                            identificatio
            Electrocardiog  ECG data   ML for    monitoring                                         n
            ram Analysis   accompanied  classifica  and early
            for Disease   by modern    tion      diagnosis.    Classifying   Building     SVM,      The
            Diagnosis [14]  wearable                           patients using   DSS for   Grid      proposed
                          biosensor                            ML to build a   prediction   search   DSS is the





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