Page 406 - Kaleidoscope Academic Conference Proceedings 2024
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2024 ITU Kaleidoscope Academic Conference
atrial fibrillation (AFib}, which is a very crucial and the heart. Blood test helps to find the level of sodium,
common type of arrhythmia. Reports suggest that the potassium, thyroid, cholesterol level, etc., present in the
majority of people are affected by this type of arrhythmia blood, as there also responsible for silently causing
throughout the world. In the USA, millions of people are arrhythmia in the heart [5].
affected by this type of arrhythmia. 2) atrial flutter: any
problem caused by the electrical system of the heart that is a Detection of abnormality using ML approach:
short circuit in the heart results in partial flatter [ 3]. It is a
type of heart rhyme disorder of the heart. A severe type of
partial flatter may result in stroke and may even cause death As discussed earlier, ECG is a device that detects
or permanent immobility of the body. 3) Super ventricular arrhythmia through an electrical signal that gets generated
tachycardia (SVT): Tachycardia results in rapid movement in the patient's heart. These temporary electrodes help to
of heartbeat (on an average of 100 to 120 beats per minute). monitor the activities of the heart. The readings/ signals are
The main difference between tachycardia and SVT is that then converted to the computer screen, whose information
the former begins in the ventricles and is called tachycardia. is then diagnosed by the doctors. This is a painless
In contrast, SVT begins from the above and is called procedure, and reports get diagnosed and delivered on the
superventricular tachycardia (SVT). same day or the following day. There are three kinds of
ECG tests like
4) Ventricular tachycardia: When the heartbeat of a
person reduces to less than 50 bpm, it is called ventricular
tachycardia. Patients suffering from ischemic heart disease a) Holter Monitor: A portable type of electrocardiogram,
are prone to this type of ventricular tachycardia. Symptoms which can record electrical activities of the heart for 24 to
include palpitations, shortness of breath, cardiac failure, 48 hours, is called a Holter monitor. It is a type of machine
syncope, etc. which was continuous, even if one is away from the
doctor's chambers. It is the simplest and fastest method to
5) Ventricular fibrillation: - It is another type of detect any abnormalities present in the heart. It helps to find
arthemia. This results in irregular heart rhythms. Fibrillation out the reasons behind a) irregular heart palpitation, b)
is a muscular stretching that causes individual muscle fibre arrhythmia c) unexplained dizziness. It also helps to detect
to function irregularly -without proper coordination. ischemic and heart blockages; it also provides accurate
6) Brady cardia: - another irregular or abnormal systolic and diastolic readings, along with heart rate, mean
heartbeat where the beats are less than 60 bpm. The arterial pressure, B.P. and pulse pressure. However, in spite
symptoms include feeling cold, tiredness, uneasy-filling, etc. of several advantages, one major disadvantage of the Holter
Treatment like change in lifestyle and proper medication can monitor is that patients might not experience any symptoms
improve the symptoms of Bradycardia. To find out the type of cardiac problems during the monitoring periods [6].
of arthymia a person is suffering from, various tests are
recommended. Most common among them are discussed b) Event Monitor: Another method used to record heart
below [4]. electrical activities is through a portable device called an
For the detection of arrhythmia, it is important to find an event monitor. Its activities are more or less like ECG, but
irregular heartbeat during an examination by taking a pulse this device can record events for a longer duration of time.
and listening to the rhythm of the heart. Listening to the It can be worn during normal activities, even while
heart rhythm with a stethoscope and checking the pulse rate sleeping. An event monitor is a small monitoring device
can give an initial indication regarding the abnormality of and only starts recording or functioning when if symptom
the heart, but for more deeper investigation arises.
electrocardiogram test is more necessary. c) Pacemaker: it is a device used for stimulating the
heart chamber to regulate its contraction. It senses electrical
Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG): It is the most pulses to understand the heartbeat at normal rhythm and
common test for persons with heart problems. It helps to rate. It also helps the heart chamber beat in normal sync for
find out the electrical signal of the heart. It monitors the
condition of the heart and finds out if any irregularities are effective pumping of blood in our body. Persons who have
occurring in the heart. This is the most common and Vardy cardia and fainting symptoms are in urgent need of a
painless test, primarily recommended by doctors. The graph pacemaker. If pacemakers are not inserted properly one may
paper that is delivered by the machine, after detecting the have the chances of developing infections around the wires
condition of the heart, helps the doctor to have a vivid of the pacemaker, which at times can be fatal. After
picture of the condition of the patient and the stability of his inserting the pacemaker's person can easily lead a normal
heart. life of 5 to 15 years at an easy [7]. An EKG reads that signal
and monitors its impact on the heart as it contracts and
Echocardiogram (echo): An echocardiogram is another relaxes during each heartbeat. The ECG signal contains the
method applied by the medical practitioner to detect the P-wave, QRS and T-wave, which use onset, offset and peak
status of the organ. Through echo the polarization activity points, which are known as the fiducial points. Applying
of the heart gets checked. Echo is also a pain less procedure these and a set of known conditions helps to generate a data
and is helpful to detect the condition of the patient and his set, then apply several machine learning algorithms that help
heart. to identify various abnormality conditions. For example, a
simplified ML algorithm can be used to detect abnormality
Blood Tests: - sometimes blood tests are also conditions of the heart from an ECG report Algo.with
recommended by the doctors, to detect the abnormalities of Description: -
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