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2024 ITU Kaleidoscope Academic Conference




           atrial  fibrillation  (AFib},  which  is  a  very  crucial  and   the  heart.  Blood  test  helps  to  find  the  level  of  sodium,
           common  type  of  arrhythmia.  Reports  suggest  that  the   potassium,  thyroid,  cholesterol  level,  etc.,  present  in  the
           majority  of  people  are  affected  by  this  type  of  arrhythmia   blood,  as  there  also  responsible  for  silently  causing
           throughout  the  world.  In  the  USA,  millions  of  people  are   arrhythmia in the heart [5].
           affected  by  this  type  of  arrhythmia.  2)  atrial  flutter:  any
           problem caused by the electrical system of the heart that is a   Detection of abnormality using ML approach:
           short circuit in the heart results in partial flatter [ 3]. It is a
           type of heart rhyme disorder of the heart. A severe type of
           partial flatter may result in stroke and may even cause death   As  discussed  earlier,  ECG  is  a  device  that  detects
           or  permanent immobility  of  the  body. 3)  Super  ventricular   arrhythmia through an electrical signal that gets generated
           tachycardia (SVT):  Tachycardia results  in rapid movement   in  the  patient's  heart.  These  temporary  electrodes  help  to
           of heartbeat (on an average of 100 to 120 beats per minute).   monitor the activities of the heart. The readings/ signals are
           The  main  difference  between  tachycardia  and  SVT  is  that   then converted to the computer screen, whose information
           the former begins in the ventricles and is called tachycardia.   is  then  diagnosed  by  the  doctors.  This  is  a  painless
           In  contrast,  SVT  begins  from  the  above  and  is  called   procedure, and reports get diagnosed and delivered on the
           superventricular tachycardia (SVT).                same  day  or  the  following  day.  There  are  three  kinds  of
                                                              ECG tests like
              4) Ventricular  tachycardia:  When  the  heartbeat  of  a
           person reduces to less than 50 bpm, it is called ventricular
           tachycardia.  Patients  suffering  from ischemic heart  disease   a) Holter  Monitor:  A  portable  type  of  electrocardiogram,
           are prone to this type of ventricular tachycardia. Symptoms   which can record electrical activities of the heart for 24 to
           include  palpitations,  shortness  of  breath,  cardiac  failure,   48 hours, is called a Holter monitor. It is a type of machine
           syncope, etc.                                      which  was  continuous,  even  if  one  is  away  from  the
                                                              doctor's chambers. It is the simplest and fastest method to
              5) Ventricular  fibrillation:  -  It  is  another  type  of  detect any abnormalities present in the heart. It helps to find
           arthemia. This results in irregular heart rhythms. Fibrillation   out  the  reasons  behind  a)  irregular  heart  palpitation,  b)
           is a muscular stretching that causes individual muscle fibre   arrhythmia c) unexplained dizziness. It also helps to detect
           to function irregularly -without proper coordination.    ischemic  and  heart  blockages;  it  also  provides  accurate
              6)  Brady  cardia:  -  another  irregular  or  abnormal   systolic and diastolic readings, along with heart rate, mean
           heartbeat  where  the  beats  are  less  than  60  bpm.  The   arterial pressure, B.P. and pulse pressure. However, in spite
           symptoms include feeling cold, tiredness, uneasy-filling, etc.   of several advantages, one major disadvantage of the Holter
           Treatment like change in lifestyle and proper medication can   monitor is that patients might not experience any symptoms
           improve the symptoms of Bradycardia. To find out the type   of cardiac problems during the monitoring periods [6].
           of  arthymia  a  person  is  suffering  from,  various  tests  are
           recommended.  Most  common  among  them  are  discussed   b) Event  Monitor:  Another  method  used  to  record  heart
           below [4].                                         electrical  activities  is  through  a  portable  device  called  an
              For the detection of arrhythmia, it is important to find an   event monitor. Its activities are more or less like ECG, but
           irregular heartbeat during an examination by taking a pulse   this device can record events for a longer duration of time.
           and  listening  to  the  rhythm  of  the  heart.  Listening  to  the   It  can  be  worn  during  normal  activities,  even  while
           heart rhythm with a stethoscope and checking the pulse rate   sleeping.  An  event  monitor  is  a  small  monitoring  device
           can  give  an  initial  indication  regarding  the  abnormality  of   and only starts recording or functioning when if symptom
           the   heart,   but   for   more   deeper   investigation   arises.
           electrocardiogram test is more necessary.             c) Pacemaker:  it  is  a  device  used  for  stimulating  the
                                                              heart chamber to regulate its contraction. It senses electrical
            Electrocardiogram  (EKG  or  ECG):  It  is  the  most  pulses  to  understand  the  heartbeat  at  normal  rhythm  and
            common  test  for  persons  with  heart  problems.  It  helps  to  rate. It also helps the heart chamber beat in normal sync for
            find  out  the  electrical  signal  of  the  heart.  It  monitors  the
            condition of the heart and finds out if any irregularities are  effective pumping of blood in our body. Persons who have
            occurring  in  the  heart.  This  is  the  most  common  and  Vardy cardia and fainting symptoms are in urgent need of a
            painless test, primarily recommended by doctors. The graph  pacemaker. If pacemakers are not inserted properly one may
            paper that is delivered by the machine, after detecting the  have the chances of developing infections around the wires
            condition  of  the  heart,  helps  the  doctor  to  have  a  vivid  of  the  pacemaker,  which  at  times  can  be  fatal.  After
            picture of the condition of the patient and the stability of his  inserting  the  pacemaker's  person  can  easily  lead  a  normal
            heart.                                            life of 5 to 15 years at an easy [7]. An EKG reads that signal
                                                              and  monitors  its  impact  on  the  heart  as  it  contracts  and
            Echocardiogram (echo): An echocardiogram is another  relaxes during each heartbeat. The ECG signal contains the
            method  applied  by  the  medical  practitioner  to  detect  the  P-wave, QRS and T-wave, which use onset, offset and peak
            status of the organ. Through echo the polarization activity  points,  which  are  known  as  the  fiducial  points.  Applying
            of the heart gets checked. Echo is also a pain less procedure  these and a set of known conditions helps to generate a data
            and is helpful to detect the condition of the patient and his  set, then apply several machine learning algorithms that help
            heart.                                            to  identify  various abnormality  conditions.  For  example, a
                                                              simplified ML algorithm can be used to detect abnormality
           Blood  Tests:  -  sometimes  blood  tests  are  also   conditions  of  the  heart  from  an  ECG  report  Algo.with
           recommended by the doctors, to detect the abnormalities of   Description: -





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