Page 237 - Kaleidoscope Academic Conference Proceedings 2024

Innovation and Digital Transformation for a Sustainable World

agricultural companies like Food and Ag-ISAC is essential.
While ISAC in finance, transportation, and electricity
has existed, ISAC in agriculture is becoming increasingly
essential. Therefore, the Food and Ag-ISAC [34] has been
established to share information on ransomware infections
and other threats to food and agricultural companies that are
members of the ISAC.

7. CONCLUSION

In this paper, we created a taxonomy of agricultural products
with networking capabilities and classified the products
available in the market. Next, we surveyed the actual situation
of agricultural IoT device security using Shodan. Noteworthy,
despite warnings in many security reports, few agricultural
Figure 6 – Sample of Web GUI IoT devices were targeted by cyberattacks. Furthermore, we
presented the threats to agricultural IoT devices that could
these standards are not specific to particular applications, such emerge based on actual analysis cases. This paper shows
as agriculture, but rather to general-purpose devices that are the actual situation in smart farm from the cyber security
the target of currently emerging threats. perspective.

6.2 Issues to be solved in the future REFERENCES

In this section, we summarize three issues that need to be
[1] S. Rudrakar, P. Rughani, “IoT based Agriculture
resolved in the future in the agricultural sector as open issues
(Ag-IoT): A detailed study on Architecture, Security
and provide recommendations for new countermeasures.
and Forensics,”, Information Processing in Agriculture,
Elsevier, 2023.
Open Issues
[2] B.B Sinha, R. Dhanalakshmi, “Recent advancements
1. There is an increasing probability that more and more and challenges of Internet of Things in smart
network-related devices in smart agriculture will be agriculture: A survey,” Future Generation Computer
opened to the Internet, as indicated in the use case of Systems, Elsevier BV, pp. 169-184, 2022.
solar power plants in Section 5.
2. There is an increasing probability that the number of [3] K. Demestichas, N. Peppes, and T. Alexakis, “Survey
cases of unauthorized login from the Web GUI will on Security Threats in Agricultural IoT and Smart
increase as systems related to smart agriculture become Farming,” Sensors 2020, 20(22), vol. 20 no. 22,
more widespread, as indicated in the use case in Section pp. 6458, 2020.
5.
[4] S. Sontowski, M. Gupta, S.S.L. Chukkapalli, “Cyber
3. Lack of coordination between organizations in charge
attacks on smart farming infrastructure,” J2020 IEEE
of security measures and agricultural companies
6th International Conference on Collaboration and
makes sharing information on security measures and
Internet Computing (CIC), pp. 135-143, 2020.
cyber-attack incidents difficult.
[5] Tractors vs. threat actors: How to hack a farm |
To overcome the first issue, vendors that provide services
WeLiveSecurity, https://www.welivesecurity.com/
should inform users about security measures for network
2022/12/05/tractors-threat-actors-how-hack-farm/,
equipment (Switch, Gateway, and Remote I/O) used for
Accessed on May 9, 2024.
agricultural services. These network devices are likely to be
general-purpose products, not targeted only for agricultural [6] The Rising IoT Threat to the Agriculture
services. Therefore, attackers can target multiple industries Industry and the Global Food Supply, https:
with small costs, and attacks are expected to increase. To //www.f5.com/labs/articles/threat-intelligence/
overcome the second issue, vendors should inform users of the-rising-iot-threat-to-the-agriculture-industry
the dangers of unchecked security measures when deploying -and-the-global-food-supply, Accessed on May 9,
agriculture-related products or services. For example, 2024.
suppose an unauthorized login is made from a Web GUI
unnecessarily opened to the Internet. In that case, an [7] IoT cybersecurity: A major concern for
attacker can manipulate parameters such as temperature agriculture - IoT Agenda, https://www.
settings or spraying pesticides, which can negatively impact techtarget.com/iotagenda/blog/IoT-Agenda/
the harvest. To overcome the third issue, establishing IoT-cybersecurity-A-major-concern-for-agriculture,
an ISAC(Information Sharing and Analysis Centers) for Accessed on May 9, 2024.

– 193 –