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2016 ITU Kaleidoscope Academic Conference

Smart city on the other hand, has been quite recently defined CEN/CELENEC/ETSI grounded their Smart and
as innovation –not necessarily but mainly based on Sustainable Cities and Communities’ Coordination Group
information technologies-, which enhances urban living in (SSCC-CG) to define a smart city standard. In this regard, it
terms of people, governance, economy, mobility, also funded a coordination act in 2015 and invited standard
environment and living [6]. Moreover, standardization institutes from member states to contribute on a common
bodies have also given corresponding definitions: the smart city standard, which considers smart city as a system.
International Telecommunications Union (ITU) [7] The British Standards Institute (BSI) has organized its
emphasizes on ICT and considers a smart sustainable city Smart City Advisory Group and drafted a set of Publicly
as an innovative city that uses information and Available Specifications (PAS) 180, 181 and 182. From the
communication technologies (ICTs) and other means to remainder, European states only the Spanish Standards
improve quality of life, efficiency of urban operation and (AENOR) have initiated corresponding standardization
services, and competitiveness, while ensuring that it meets activities and resulted to the UNE 178301 and UNE 178303
the needs of present and future generations with respect to standards, while it adopted the ISO 37120 document with
economic, social and environmental aspects. Similarly, the urban sustainability indicators.
International Standards Organization (ISO) [8] recognizes Table 2: Smart city standards
smart city as a new concept and a new model, which applies Standardization Standard
the new generation of information technologies, such as the
internet of things, cloud computing, big data and Body
space/geographical information integration, to facilitate ISO [8] ISO/TR 37120:2014, Sustainable
the planning, construction, management and smart services development of communities -
of cities. Literature regarding “smart city” and Indicators for city services and
“standardization” is poor (Table 1): a crawl in ScienceDirect quality of life
for “smart city” AND “standard” returned only 16 journal ISO/TS 37151:2015, Smart
articles on June 2016, all of which are irrelevant to community infrastructures —
developing standards for smart cities. Only some (i.e., [2]) Principles and requirements for
discuss the determinants for smart service use, which have performance metrics
some relevance with the context of this paper. Scopus ITU [7] Smart Sustainable Cities
returned the triple size (43 articles), some of which NIST [15; 16] IoT-Enabled Smart City
investigated particular standards in the smart city nexus (i.e., Framework
Machine-To-Machine (M2M) Communications and 1
Internet-of-Things (IoT) [9; 10], socio-economic issues Global City Teams Challenge
[11;12], ubiquitous networks [13], wireless sensor networks CEN/CELENEC/ Development of system standards
23
[14] etc.). ETSI [17] for smart cities and communities’
solutions
4
Table 1: Findings from “smart city” and “standard” BSI [18] PAS 180 Smart city terminology
Source Results Articles after screening PAS 181 Smart City Framework
PAS 182 Smart city data concept
Scopus 43 [9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14]
ScienceDirect 16 [2] Spanish Standards UNE 178301 on Open Data
5
(AENOR) UNE 178303 requirements for
Nevertheless, several competitive smart city standards have
been introduced recently, some of which are presented on municipal assets’ management.
(Table 2): ISO defined the 37120:2014 standard, which UNE-ISO 37120 adopts ISO
defines and establishes methodologies for a set of indicators urban sustainability indicators
to steer and measure the performance of city services and On the other hand, process standardization has attracted
quality of life. Moreover, it provides the technical scientific attention since the late 1970s (Table 3).
specifications document 37151:2015, which gives principles ScienceDirect returned 246 journal articles on June 2016,
and specifies requirements for community infrastructure with the keywords “process” AND “standardization”, with
performance metrics, while it gives recommendations for no time limits but with a focus on the topics combining
analysis of community infrastructures. Furthermore, ISO “standard, model, process, system, project, technology and
provides several specification documents and reports for
individual smart city components (i.e., ISO/TR 28682:2008
for Intelligent Transport Systems). ITU has delivered 1 http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/nist-global-city-teams-
several technical reports and specifications for smart challenge-aims-to-create-smart-cities.cfm
2
http://www.cencenelec.eu/standards/Sectors/SmartLiving/smartcities/Page
sustainable cities. The National Institute of Standards and s/default.aspx
Technology (NIST) in the U.S.A. has triggered 2 initiatives 3
https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/portal/desktop/en/opportunities/h
(Global City Teams Challenge and the working group for 2020/topics/353-scc-03-2015.html
Internet-of-Things (IoT) Enabled Smart City Framework) in 4 http://www.bsigroup.com/en-GB/smart-cities/Smart-Cities-Standards-
its attempt to define a smart city standard. On the other and-Publication/
hand, the European standardization organizations 5 https://eu-smartcities.eu/content/new-set-smart-cities-standards-spain

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