Page 237 - ITU Kaleidoscope 2016

ICTs for a Sustainable World

company”. This focus attempted to leave out articles that have been suggested for cities [1] like smart buildings,
discuss biology and health, as well as food and agriculture. renewable energy unit and smart grid installation etc., which
A screening process followed and left out articles discussing seem to have only temporary effect on their mission
standardization or process alone, as well as articles achievement [1]. This argument obliged the authors to look
irrelevant to the context of this paper such as the ones that for alternatives in an attempt to define a proper policy
discuss the standardization process. Furthermore, Scopus making process.
returned 4,332 journal articles on June 2016. After the In this respect, this paper uses the case study of the project
application of filters to demonstrate works regarding InSmart (Integrative Smart City Planning)
Engineering, Computer Science, Environmental Science and (http://www.insmartenergy.com/), which is a coordination
Mathematics, this number decreased to 447 journal articles, action that is funded by the 7 European Framework
th
on which a similar screening process was followed. Program (FP7). This project started in the early 2014 and
Screening left out irrelevant articles, like the ones discussing will last until the early 2017, and it is being developed with
processing in general (i.e., textile processing). the contribution of 10 partners from 4 countries (UK, Italy,
Portugal and Greece). Four (4) representative and different
Table 3: Findings from “process” and “standardization” European cities participate in the consortium (Nottingham
Source Results Citations after screening (UK), Cesena (Italy), Evora (Portugal) and Trikala
(Greece)). Each of the cities has special needs, while it has
Scopus 447 [20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; developed different types of smart technologies (Nottingham
26; 27; 28]
has emphasized on renewable energy; Cesena on smart
ScienceDirect 246 [3; 19] public lighting; Evora on smart grids; and Trikala on smart
Process standardization is defined in alternative ways [20], transportation). The aim of this project is multi-dimensional
all of which agree with regard to the identification and and its tasks concern the following: (a) it investigated the
unification of variants and the establishment of information potentially different sources of energy supply and demand
interchange between different systems or components. within the involved cities; (b) it defined a reference
Moreover, process standardization describes the extent to framework (baseline) for energy demand calculation in the
which the organization follows recurrent processes and project’s start, with the use of data coming from 2012; (c) it
adheres to established standards [5]. Process standardization collected scenarios from all the involved cities regarding
enables performance measurement and sets the basis for policy making for energy efficiency; (d) it developed a
continuous improvement. Different process modeling model for energy demand prediction by 2030, which can test
approaches are located in literature, which have been the contributed scenarios; (e) it involved city stakeholders in
applied on different sectors (i.e., construction [20;21]; car all the partner cases in order to execute a MCDM for
industry [22], business and management [23; 24], scenarios’ prioritization; (f) it calculated scenarios’ effect on
Information Technology (IT) [25; 26; 27] and Health [28] policy targets. Today, this project finalizes the outcomes
etc.). In fact, software process standardization appears to from the final calculation in all the involved cities (task f). In
have positive impact on software flexibility and project the city of Trikala in Greece, the above tasks resulted to the
performance [5]. Some important models that were following outcomes:
discovered in this literature review concern the TBM [2] and (a) Reference framework: the baseline accounted that
the Plan-do-check-act cycle [29; 30]. Trikala is organized in 20 zones, inhabited by a smoothly
The above literature analysis returned useful findings: the increasing population, while the majority of buildings are
competitive standards presented on (Table 2) indicate the mainly used for housing purposes.
existence of an “open race” regarding smart city clarification (b) Energy demand sources: buildings (organized in 4
and the standardization of corresponding solutions. typologies); water and sewage process; waste chain; and
However, this evidence shows that smart service and policy transportation.
making standardization have been left out so far. ITU’s [7] (c) Energy supply sources: heating oil; transportation
is the only standard that defines a set of primary smart diesel and gasoline, natural gas; solar panels; and
services, but there’s still much work to be done in this biomass.
regard [31]. On the other hand, policy making (d) Scenarios definition: 15 alternative scenarios were
standardization has not been modeled according to literature tested by the model and the calculated outcomes were
findings and to the existing smart city standards. These compared with the reference framework (baseline).
findings provide with answer the research question RQ1. These 15 scenarios concerned alternative energy savings
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: THE CASE OF policies that are being considered or being developed by
THE INSMART PROJECT
the Municipality of Trikala, in order to comply with the
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Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy objectives ,
Defining a policy making process is not a simple procedure, which had signed. This mix of scenarios (Table 4)
since it varies according to the context of the drafted policy. concerns various activities that address all the 5 energy
This paper focuses on policy making regarding transforming demand sources and result to energy savings.
a city to a more energy efficient one. Energy efficiency is
one of the primary smart city challenges and many solutions
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http://www.covenantofmayors.eu/index_en.html

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