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Table 5: Analysis of cases in terms of information and communication
                  Case              Information                Communication                Outcomes

              1  Electronic   Digitalization of documents  Electronic sharing of      Reduced face to face
              document       Cloud storage               documents                    interactions
              and record                                 The option for programmed    Faster services
              management     Electronic signatures
                                                         workflows
                             City website for employees                               Reduction in paper and
                             and the public              Residents use a website to   printing
                                                         make and view requests
                                                                                      Facilitates remote work
              2  Smart fleet   Data base of vehicles, their   Automated notification   Improved compliance,
              management     status and history          for maintenance and          maintenance,
                                                         replacement                  record-keeping
                             Explicit policies
                                                         Sensors and geo-location for   Increased security
                             Maintenance records to
                             optimize procedures         real-time data about vehicle   Reduced emissions
                                                         use
                             Tracking of expenses                                     Culture of control and
                                                         Dashboard to monitor fleet   efficiency
                                                         performance
              3  Air quality   More data, collected from   Low-cost sensors collect data   Improved awareness of
              monitoring     more sites                  from more positions          air quality concerns
                             Improved knowledge of       Website or mobile app to     Cities can take action
                             specific, localized air quality  communicate results     to address key areas for
                             concerns                                                 air quality
                                                         Partnering with researchers
                                                         to understand technicalities
                                                         of sensors and how to
                                                         interpret the data
              4  The role of   Imposed administrative,   Communication via existing   Encouraged
              informal waste  financial and commercial   associations with their      entrepreneurship
              collectors     obligations that result in   members                     Development of the
                             information about who is    Web-based system to          recycling industry
                             collecting, what and where
                                                         communicate progress
                                                                                      Improved working
                                                                                      conditions
              5  Digital     Digital ambassadors with    Marketing campaign to        Increased the
              literacy and   ICT skills                  publicize the service        number of people in
              access                                                                  Johannesburg with
                                                         Face-to-face interactions with
                                                         digital ambassadors          access to the Internet,
                                                                                      thus facilitating other
                                                                                      smart city services
              6  Resident    Annual cleanliness survey   Collected data is transmitted   Management is better
              feedback       Opinions of users are       using GSM or QR codes and    informed about public
              system                                     a mobile app or SMS          experience
                             collected at the point of
                             service                     Text messages to care-takers   Improved sanitation
                                                         to address problems          and health
                             Accumulated feedback is
                             available                   Dashboard or reports to      Residents feel heard
                                                         inform city officials







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